trate of Dinajpore on 1 May 1793; sub-secretary to the secret department, and examiner and reporter to the Sudder Dewanny Adawlut on 6 Dec. 1793; registrar of the Sudder Dewanny and Nizamut Adawlut on 15 Feb. 1796; fourth member of the board of revenue on 3 June 1799; puisne judge of the Sudder Dewanny and Nizamut Adawlut on 1 April 1801; and chief judge of the Sudder Dewanny and Nizamut Adawlut on 17 Dec. 1811. He came home on furlough in 1819, and returned to India in 1822, when he was chosen provisionally member of the supreme council (21 Dec.), was appointed senior member of the board of revenue for the western provinces, and agent to the governor-general at Delhi on 1 Aug. 1823; was senior member of the Sudda special commission in the following October; and was chosen a member of the supreme council and president of the board of trade on 22 April 1825. He returned to England in 1828, and died at London on 9 April in that year.
Harington was also for some years honorary professor of the laws and regulations of the British government in India in the college of Fort William, founded by the Marquis Wellesley in 1800, and was afterwards president of the council of the college. He is best known as the editor of 'The Persian and Arabic works of Sa'dee,' Calcutta, 1791-1795, 2 vols., fol. He also published 'An Elementary Analysis of the Laws and Regulations enacted by the Governor-General in Council at Fort William in Bengal for the Civil Government of the British Territories under that Presidency,' Calcutta, 1805-17, 3 vols. fol. A volume of 'Extracts' from this work appeared at Calcutta in 1866, 8vo.
[Dodwell and Miles's Bengal Civil Servants; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Lincoln's Inn Library Cat.]
HARIOT, THOMAS (1560–1621), mathematician. [See Harriot.]
HARKELEY, HENRY (fl. 1316), chancellor of the university of Oxford from 1313 to 1316 (Le Neve, Fasti, iii. 464) and doctor of divinity, taught at Oxford in the early part of the fourteenth century. As chancellor he took part in February 1314 in the condemnation of eight articles which had been taught in the divinity schools (Wood, Hist. and Antiq. Oxford, i. 387, ed. Gutch). Several documents relating to his chancellorship are given in the 'Munimenta Academica' (Rolls Ser. i. 91, 95, 101). A mass was to be said for his soul on 25 June (ib. ii. 373). He wrote:
- 'Quodlibeta.'
- 'Four books on the Master of the Sentences.'
- 'De Transubstantiatione;' this work is quoted by Thomas Walden [q. v.] in his treatise 'De Sacramentis.'
- 'Quæstiones Theologiæ.'
- 'Determinationes.'
- 'Concio in laudem D. Thomæ Cantuariensis;' in Lambeth MS. 61, where there is a note that it was preached at Oxford in the year (1315) in which Piers Gaveston's remains were transferred to Langley. An extract from this sermon is printed in Wharton's 'Anglia Sacra,' ii. 524.
Harkeley is perhaps the Henry de Harclay who received the prebend of Rotesfen, Salisbury, in 1316.
[Bale, vi. 95; Pits, p. 562; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 379; authorities quoted.]
HARKNESS, ROBERT (1816–1878), geologist, born at Ormskirk, Lancashire, on 28 July 1816, was educated at Dumfries and at Edinburgh University (1833-4). He resided at Ormskirk, pursuing scientific studies, until 1848, when he removed with his father to Dumfries. His first paper was read before the Manchester Geological Society in April 1843, on 'The Climate of the Coal Epoch.' His papers on the geology and fossils of south-western Scotland brought him into repute as a geologist, and in 1853 he was appointed professor of geology in Queen's College, Cork. In 1854 he was elected fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 1856 of the Royal Society of London. In 1876 he was required to add physical geography, zoology and botany, and mineralogy to his former curriculum, and this serious addition to his labours broke down his health; he had just resigned his chair, and was finishing his work when he died, on 5 Oct. 1878, of heart disease. Many of his papers on physical geology and palæontology are of much value. He clearly showed the existence of both lower and upper Silurian deposits in the south of Scotland, added considerably to the knowledge of the geology of the highlands, explored the remarkable sandstones and breccias of Dumfriesshire, most of which he identified as Permian, and elucidated the Silurian deposits of the Lake district of the north of England. In conjunction with Professor H. A. Nicholson, he did much to unveil the structure of the grapholitic deposits of the Coniston series. He was a sound reasoner, an acute observer, an excellent teacher, and an enthusiast in his work. A list of his scientific papers, over sixty in number, is given in the Royal Society's ' Catalogue of Scientific Papers.'
[Nature, 10 Oct. 1878; Geol. Mag. 1878, p. 576; president's address to Geol. Soc. London, 1879, pp. 41-4.]
HARLAND, JOHN (1806–1868), reporter and antiquary, was born at Hull in 1806. He learned the trade of a letter-press
