He married, first, on 3 March 1748, Lady Margaret Fitzgerald, sister of James, first duke of Leinster. She died at Naples 25 Jan. 1765, and was buried at Hillsborough. By her he had five children: viz., Arthur, who succeeded him as the second marquis; Mary Amelia, who, born on 16 Aug. 1750, was married on 2 Dec. 1773 to James, first marquis of Salisbury, and was burnt to death in the fire at Hatfield House on 27 Nov. 1835; Charlotte, who, born on 19 March 1754, was married on 7 May 1776 to John, first earl Talbot (cr. 1784), and died on 17 Jan. 1804; and a son and daughter who died in infancy. He married, secondly, on 11 Oct. 1768, Mary, baroness Stawell, only daughter and heiress of Edward, fourth baron Stawell, and widow of Henry Bilson Legge, sometime chancellor of the exchequer, by whom Downshire had no issue. His second wife died on 29 July 1780, when the barony of Stawell devolved on her only child by her first husband.
A portrait of Downshire, by J. Rising, was lent by the Marquis of Salisbury to the Loan Collection of National Portraits at South Kensington in 1867 (Catalogue, No. 497).
[Horace Walpole's Memoirs of the Reign of George II, 1847, and Memoirs of the Reign of George III, 1845; Grenville Papers, 1852–3; Lord E. Fitzmaurice's Life of William, Earl of Shelburne, 1876, ii. 2, 10, 77, 126–7, 193–205, 310; Hist. and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir N. W. Wraxall, 1884, i. 381–2; Lord Mahon's Hist. of England, 1858, v. 41, 185, 235–7, 240–3, 320, vi. 218, 278, vii. 19; Bancroft's Hist. of the United States of America, 1876, iii. 392, iv. 63–237, vi. 59; Collins's Peerage of England, 1812, v. 103–5; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, 1789, ii. 332–3; Doyle's Official Baronage, 1886, ii. 195–196; Gent. Mag. 1793, vol. lxiii. pt. ii. p. 962; Foster's Alumni Oxon. ii. 663; London Gazettes; Official Return of Lists of Members of Parliament, pt. ii. pp. 82, 92, 104, 118.]
HILLARY, WILLIAM, M.D. (d. 1763), physician, was a pupil of Boerhaave at Leyden, where he graduated M.D. in 1722, writing a dissertation on intermittent fevers. He settled in practice at Ripon, removed to Bath in 1734, and to Barbadoes in 1752, and returned to London in 1758, where he died 22 April 1763.
Hillary was a systematic observer of the weather and prevalent diseases. His observations began at Ripon in 1726, a year in advance of the corresponding work by Clifton Wintringham at York. They were discontinued during his practice at Bath, but resumed at Barbadoes, and continued until he left the colony, 30 May 1758. The first series is published in the appendix to his second edition of ‘Rational and Mechanical Essay on the Small-pox,’ London, 1740; 1st edition, London, 1735. The Barbadoes records are given in his important work ‘Observations on the Changes of the Air, and the concomitant Epidemical Diseases in Barbadoes, with a Treatise on the Bilious Remittent Fever [Yellow Fever], &c.,’ London, 1759; 2nd edition, 1766; American reprint, with notes by B. Rush, Philadelphia, 1811. His other writings are: 1. ‘An Enquiry into the … Medicinal Virtues of Lincomb Spaw Water, near Bath,’ London, 1743. 2. ‘The Nature, Properties, and Laws of Motion of Fire,’ London, 1759. 3. ‘The Means of Improving Medical Knowledge,’ London, 1761.
[Hillary's writings; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
HILLIARD, NICHOLAS (1537–1619), miniature-painter, goldsmith, and jeweller, was a younger son of Richard Hilliard, a citizen of Exeter, and high sheriff of that city and county in 1560, who is said to have been descended from an old Yorkshire family. Nicholas was born at Exeter in 1537, and apprenticed to a jeweller and goldsmith, but at an early age he attempted painting in miniature. At the age of thirteen he painted a miniature of himself, signed and dated ‘N. H. 1550,’ which was formerly in the Harleian collection, and lately in that of Mr. Hollingworth Magniac, and while he was still young he drew the portrait of Mary Queen of Scots at the age of eighteen. He was appointed goldsmith, carver, and limner to Queen Elizabeth, whom he painted as princess and as queen. In 1586 he engraved the second great seal of Elizabeth, which has more artistic merit than others of the period. In 1587 a lease of the manor of Poyle in the parish of Stanmore, Middlesex, was granted to him for twenty-one years, ‘in consideration of his paines in engraving ye Great Seale of England’ (Notes and Queries, iii. iv. 207). After the accession of James I he received a grant, dated 5 May 1617, giving him for twelve years an exclusive right ‘to invent, make, grave, and imprint any picture or pictures of our image, or other representation of our person’ (Rymer, Fœdera, xvii. 15). This was a source of much profit to him, as it empowered him not only to grant licenses for the production and sale of the king's portrait, but also to seize such as were not duly authorised. Simon van de Pass and others were also employed by Hilliard to engrave the ‘royal image,’ as well as those of the royal family. Hilliard died in the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster, on 7 Jan. 1619, and was buried
