Windsor, and to this task the remainder of his life was devoted. He engaged as assistants his former pupils, R. Slann and T. S. Webb, each of whom married a niece of Holloway, together with Joseph Thomson, an able artist who died young. They worked together at Windsor until 1814, when the cartoons were removed to Hampton Court. On the completion of the first plate, ‘Paul preaching at Athens,’ in 1806, the king appointed Holloway his historical engraver; the second, ‘Christ's Charge to Peter,’ appeared in 1810; the third, ‘The Death of Ananias,’ in 1816; and the fourth, ‘Elymas,’ in 1820. In that year all the preliminary drawings were finished, and Holloway retired with his associates to Edgefield in Norfolk, and later to Coltishall, near Norwich, to pursue their work on the plates, of which the fifth, ‘The Miraculous Draught of Fishes,’ was issued in 1824. This was the last that Holloway lived to complete. He died unmarried at Coltishall, near Norwich, 29 Feb. 1827, in his 80th year. The sixth plate, ‘Paul and Barnabas at Lystra,’ was then almost finished, and the seventh, ‘Peter and John at the Beautiful Gate,’ commenced. The former appeared in the following year, 1828, but the completion of the latter was delayed until 1839, when it was published with a dedication to the queen, and like the rest bore the names of Holloway, Slann, and Webb as the engravers and publishers. In the original prospectus the set was offered to subscribers for three guineas, and though this was subsequently raised to ten, the undertaking did not prove remunerative. Notwithstanding the skill and elaboration with which the plates were executed, they never found favour with artists, and have failed to supersede the rougher but more vigorous work of Dorigny. He executed crayon portraits of himself and of his nephew, a naval captain. A brother John was at one time a popular lecturer on animal magnetism.
[Memoir, by one of his executors, 1827; Mag. Fine Arts, i. 75; T. Dodd's Manuscript Memoirs of Engravers in Brit. Mus.; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; A. Apell's Handbuch für Kupferstichsammler, 1880; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
HOLLOWAY, THOMAS (1800–1883), patent medicine vendor, was born at Devonport, then called Plymouth Dock, on 22 Sept. 1800. His father, at one time a warrant officer in a militia regiment, became, on retiring from the service, a baker in Fore Street, Devonport. After a time he removed to Penzance, and took the Turk's Head inn in Chapel Street, where he resided during the remainder of his life. He married Miss Chellew, the daughter of a farmer at Trelyon, in Lelant parish, Cornwall, by whom he was the father of several children. The son, Thomas, was educated at Camborne and at Penzance until 1816. After the death of his father, he, with his mother and his brother Henry, kept a grocery and bakery shop in the market-place, Penzance. About 1828 he removed to London, where he held various situations until 1836, when he established himself as a merchant and foreign commercial agent at 13 Broad Street Buildings. One of his clients was Felix Albinolo, a native of Turin, settled in London, who was proprietor of ‘Albinolo's or the St. Come et St. Damien ointment,’ and vendor of leeches. Holloway introduced him to the authorities at St. Thomas's Hospital as the inventor of a new ointment, and succeeded in obtaining for him testimonials as to its use and efficacy. This apparently suggested to Holloway that a similar ointment well advertised might be a profitable speculation. Having made an ointment of very harmless properties, he, according to his own account, announced it for sale on 15 Oct. 1837; the earliest traceable advertisement is in the ‘Town’ of 16 June 1838, where the curative value of ‘Holloway's family ointment’ was vouched for by ‘Herbert Mayo, senior surgeon, Middlesex Hospital, 19 Aug. 1837.’ On 4 Aug. 1838, however, F. Albinolo in the same paper warned the public that Mayo's letter was given in connection with Albinolo's ointment, the composition of which had been kept a secret. On 9 Oct. 1839 Albinolo was committed to a debtors' prison, and no more was heard of him. In the same year the name ‘Thomas Holloway, patent medicine warehouse, 244 Strand,’ appears in the ‘London Directory.’ He spent all the money he could spare in advertising his ointment and the pills which he very soon added. He visited the docks daily to bring his new preparations under the notice of the captains of vessels and passengers sailing to all parts of the world. For a time he met with little success, and getting into money difficulties was obliged to compound with his creditors, chiefly newspaper proprietors, but ultimately paid them all in full. Soon after his arrival in London he married Miss Jane Driver, who afterwards helped him in his business. A steady demand for the pills and ointment gradually arose. In 1842 he spent 5,000l. in advertising, in 1845 10,000l., in 1851 20,000l., in 1855 30,000l., in 1864 40,000l., in 1882 45,000l., and at the time of his death he was spending about 50,000l. per annum. Directions respecting the use of his medicines were translated into nearly every known tongue, including Chinese, Turkish, Armenian, Arabic, and most of the verna-
