throughout life a member of that religious body. He studied medicine at the Pennsylvania Hospital, where he graduated doctor of medicine in May 1798, his thesis being ‘An Experimental Dissertation on the Rhus vernix, Rhus radicans, and Rhus glabrum,’ Philadelphia, 8vo. The following year he left America, went to Java, and took service under the Dutch government there and at Sumatra. When the English took temporary possession of the Malayan colonies of the Dutch in 1811, he permanently transferred his services to the British flag, and was despatched by Sir Stamford Raffles to the smaller island of Banca to investigate its natural history. A most valuable report followed. Horsfield left the East Indies in 1819, after nearly twenty years' service. In 1820 he was appointed keeper of the museum of the East India Company in Leadenhall Street, and held the post until his death. He died on 24 July 1859.
His name is botanically commemorated by the Horsfieldia of the Dutch botanist Blume. Besides numerous papers on scientific subjects, he published:
- ‘Descriptive Catalogue of Lepidoptera in the H.E.I.C. Museum,’ 2 pts. 1828–9, 4to.
- ‘Zoological Researches,’ 1821, 4to.
- ‘Plantæ Javanicæ rariores, quæ in insula Java 1802–18 collegit T. Horsfield; Descriptiones elaboravit J. J. Bennett, observationes adjecit R. Brown,’ fol., London, 1838–52, with fifty coloured plates.
- Catalogues of the mammals, birds, and lepidoptera in the museum under his charge between 1851 and 1854.
With Sir William Jardine he brought out ‘Illustrations of Ornithology’ in 1830, 4to, and a collection of annulosa brought by him from Java was described by W. S. Macleay in 1815.
[Proc. Linn. Soc. 1859–60, pp. 25–6; Introd. Plantæ Jav. rar.]
HORSFIELD, THOMAS WALKER (d. 1837), topographer, was for some years minister of a dissenting congregation meeting at the Westgate Chapel at Lewes, Sussex, and more popularly known as the ‘Bull Meeting.’ He also took pupils. Horsfield compiled for John Baxter (1781–1858) [q. v.] ‘The History and Antiquities of Lewes and its vicinity … with an Appendix containing an Essay on the Natural History of the District by Gideon Mantell’ (with plates and a supplement), two vols. 4to, Lewes, 1824–7. This was followed by a more important undertaking, ‘The History and Antiquities and Topography of the County of Sussex,’ two vols. 4to, Lewes, 1835. In the compilation of the first volume, which contains East Sussex, Horsfield was assisted by William Durrant Cooper [q. v.]; the second volume, on West Sussex, is mainly an abridgment of the histories of Dallaway and Cartwright. In 1835 Horsfield was appointed to succeed Benjamin Rigby Davis as presbyterian minister at Chowbent, Lancashire, where he died on 26 Aug. 1837, leaving a widow and eight children (Gent. Mag. 1838, pt. i. 102). He was elected F.S.A. in 1826.
[Lower's Worthies of Sussex, p. 331.]
HORSFORD, Sir ALFRED HASTINGS (1818–1885), general, son of General George Horsford, a distinguished West India officer, once lieutenant-governor of Bermuda, who died at Paris, 28 April 1840 (Gent. Mag. 1840, pt. ii. p. 430), was born at Bath in 1818, and was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was appointed a second-lieutenant in the rifle brigade, 12 July 1833. His subsequent military commissions were: first lieutenant 23 April 1839, captain 5 Aug. 1842, major 26 Dec. 1851, lieutenant-colonel 28 May 1853 (all in the rifle brigade), brevet-colonel 28 Nov. 1854, major-general 1 Jan. 1868, lieutenant-general 1874, and general 1 Oct. 1877. He served with the 1st battalion rifle brigade in the Kaffir war of 1847–8; returned to the Cape with the battalion as major in 1851; and commanded the battalion in the Kaffir war of 1852–3 (medal). He accompanied the battalion to the East in 1853, and served with it in Bulgaria and the Crimea, including the battles of the Alma, Inkerman, and Balaklava, and the early part of the siege of Sebastopol (C.B., knight of the Legion of Honour, British and Turkish Crimean and Sardinian medals). He was appointed one of the lieutenant-colonels of the 3rd battalion rifle brigade when formed at Portsmouth in 1855, and took a wing of the battalion out to Calcutta, where it landed in October 1857. Horsford commanded the battalion which formed part of Walpole's brigade at the battle of Cawnpore and in the advance on Lucknow. He commanded a brigade from February 1858 at the siege of Lucknow and in the operations in Oude and the Trans-Gogra. When Lord Clyde returned to Lucknow after the final defeat of the rebels at the Raptee, 30 Dec. 1858, Horsford's brigade was left to watch the Nepaul frontier at the point where the Raptee debouches from the mountains. He returned home soon afterwards; was deputy-adjutant-general at the horse guards 1860–6, brigadier-general at Aldershot 1866–9, major-general on the staff at Malta 1870–2, major-general commanding the south-eastern district 1872–4, and military secretary at the horse guards 1874–80. In 1874 he was sent
