home and remained unemployed until the peace. He subsequently commanded the 17th foot in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. At the commencement of the war with France he was appointed inspector-general of recruiting for the English establishment in Ireland, and held the post until 1798. During the rebellion in that year he was detached with three thousand men to occupy New Ross, and defeated the rebels when they attacked the place on 5 June 1798. It was the hardest fight during the rebellion (see Lecky, Hist. of England, vol. viii.) Lord Cornwallis had an indifferent opinion of Johnson, and wrote of him as ‘a wrong-headed blockhead’ (Cornwallis Corresp. iii. 116). Johnson was made colonel 81st foot in 1798, became a lieutenant-general in 1799, and governor of Ross Castle in 1801. He held a major-general's command in Ireland from 1798 to 1803, became a full general in 1809, was created a baronet on 1 Dec. 1818, and in 1819 was transferred to the colonelcy of the 5th foot. He died on 18 March 1835, at the age of eighty-seven, at Bath, where there is a masonic monument to him in the Abbey Church.
Johnson married in 1782 Rebecca, daughter of David Franks of Philadelphia, and sister of John Franks of Isleworth, Middlesex, by whom he had a family. She died in 1823. The eldest son, Henry Allen Johnson (1785–1860), who was student of Christ Church, Oxford, from 1804 to 1817, and afterwards aide-de-camp to the Prince of Orange, succeeded as second baronet.
[Foster's Baronetage under ‘Johnson-Walsh’ and ‘Johnson of Bath;’ Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Philippart's Roy. Mil. Calendar, 1820, vol. i. under ‘Johnson, Sir Henry,’ and under ‘Steuart, Sir John,’ for particulars of operations in Ireland in 1798.]
JOHNSON, HUMPHRY (fl. 1713), calligrapher and mathematician, lived in Old Bedlam Court, Bishopsgate, London, where he taught writing and arithmetic; and afterwards removed to Hornsey, where he kept a boarding-school till his death. In his book on arithmetic he says that he ‘received his apprenticeship with that celebrated penman, Mr. George Shelley, now writing-master in Christ's Church Hospital.’ A well-engraved portrait of Johnson, in a wig, is prefixed to his ‘Arithmetic.’
Johnson's ‘New Treatise of Practical Arithmetic’ was published in London, 1710, and a second edition in 1719. It is a practical work, suitable for commercial purposes, with good definitions, and the rules clearly put. His ‘Youth's Recreation,’ London, 1711, consists of fifteen pages of engraved copper-plate examples of penmanship. A second edition appeared in 1713.
[Noble's Biog. Hist. ii. 354, 360.]
JOHNSON, ISAAC (d. 1630), one of the founders of Massachusetts, was a native of Clipsham, Rutlandshire. In 1630 he accompanied Winthrop to America, arrived at Salem on 12 June, and was one of the four who founded the first church at Charlestown on 30 July. The want of good water at Charlestown obliged them, on 7 Sept., to remove to Shawmut, now Boston, which was settled under Johnson's supervision. He died at Boston on 30 Sept. 1630. the richest man in the colony. His wife Arbella, daughter of Thomas, earl of Lincoln, had died at Salem in the preceding August. It was in honour of her that the admiral ship of Winthrop's fleet, before called the Eagle, was renamed the Arbella.
[Prince's Annals, pp. 314, 316-33; Savage's Genealog. Dict.; Winthrop's New England, ed. Savage, 1825, i. I, 34; Holmes's Annals. i. 206; New England Hist. and Genealog. reg. viii. 339.]
JOHNSON, JAMES (1705–1774), bishop of Worcester, was born in 1705 at Melford in Suffolk, of which parish his father, James Johnson, was rector. In 1719 he was elected a king's scholar of Westminster School, becoming in 1724 a student at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1728, M.A. 1731, B.D. and D.D. 1 June 1742. From 1733 to 1748 he was second master of Westminster School, and from 1743 to 1759 rector of Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire. In 1748 Johnson (through his old schoolfellow, the Duke of Newcastle) became a king's chaplain in ordinary, and accompanied George II to Hanover. During the same year he was nominated a canon residentiary of St. Paul's. He accompanied the king a second time to Hanover in 1752, and on his return to England it was in contemplation to appoint him preceptor to the Prince of Wales, but the opposition of the whigs was too violent to permit the arrangement to be carried out. He was elevated to the see of Gloucester on 18 Oct. 1752. Shortly afterwards Christopher Fawcett, the recorder of Newcastle, while dining with Lord Ravensworth at Durham, asserted that Johnson had on one occasion, in company with Stone and Murray, two old schoolfellows, drunk the health of the Pretender. This charge reached the ears of Henry Pelham, who summoned
