John's College, Cambridge, of which he subsequently became a fellow, graduated B.A. as twelfth wrangler in 1810, and proceeded M.A. in 1813. In 1810 he won the Hulsean prize for an ‘Essay to prove that the propensity of the Jews to Idolatry before the Babylonish Captivity … affords no just ground for disbelieving the Miracles recorded in the Mosaic History’ (printed in 1811). He was the first Anglican clergyman who volunteered in 1813 for the foreign service of the Church Missionary Society. From 1815 to 1820 he laboured in the countries of the Mediterranean, and in 1823–4 in Syria and the Holy Land. He acted as clerical secretary of the Church Missionary Society from 1832 to 1840, and was successively lecturer at St. Mary, Aldermanbury, St. Peter, Cornhill, and Holy Trinity, Clapham. In 1851 he became incumbent of St. John, Clapham Rise. He died at Clapham on 20 Feb. 1855, and was buried in Lewisham churchyard. By his wife, who died on 24 June 1829, he had seven children.
His chief works are: 1. ‘Christian Researches in the Mediterranean from 1815 to 1820,’ 8vo, London, 1822; 3rd edition, 1824. 2. ‘Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land in 1823 and 1824,’ fol., London, 1825; 2nd edition, 8vo, 1826. 3. ‘Verses written on various occasions,’ 12mo, London, 1843 (privately printed). 4. ‘Scripture Characters (from the Old Testament),’ three series, 16mo, London, 1847–8. 5. ‘Scripture Characters from the New Testament,’ 8vo, London, 1850. Jowett wrote many other religious treatises, translated the Gospel of St. John into Italian and Maltese for the polyglot bible of 1822, edited with a memoir the ‘Remains’ of C. Neale, 1834 (and 1835), and contributed prefatory remarks to a ‘Memoir’ of W. A. B. Johnson, 1852.
[Gent. Mag. new ser. xliii. 436; Jowett's Works; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
JOY, FRANCIS (1697?–1790), printer, papermaker, and journalist, was born at Belfast about 1697. His family claims descent from Captain Thomas Joy, a follower of Arthur Chichester, lord Chichester of Belfast [q. v.] Francis Joy is said to have been originally a tailor; but the authority for this statement adds, with manifest exaggeration, that on setting up as a printer he ‘by mere dint of genius, made the types, the ink, the paper, and the press’ (A Series of Genuine Letters between Henry and Frances, 1757, by Elizabeth Griffith [q. v.]) Madden (United Irishmen, ii. 391) describes him as a conveyancer and notary public, and says that a printing establishment was made over to him by a printer in his debt. In 1737 Joy founded the ‘Belfast Newsletter,’ being, with the exception of a Waterford paper (established 1729), the oldest provincial newspaper in Ireland. The earliest extant copy is the first of an enlarged issue, No. 152, Friday, 16 Feb. 1738, printed by Joy at the ‘Peacock,’ in Bridge Street. On 10 June 1746 he announces that the ‘Newsletter’ is printed ‘on paper of his own manufacturing;’ on 30 Oct. 1747 the place of manufacture is specified as Randalstown, co. Antrim. Joy was the first papermaker in Ulster. Some time before 1752 he had ‘retired upon an easy fortune’ (Griffith), resigning business to his sons Henry and Robert. He died at Randalstown in June 1790 aged 93. The proprietorship of the ‘Newsletter’ remained in his family till the end of May 1795. Francis Joy's son Henry was the father of Henry Joy (1767–1838), chief baron of the exchequer in Ireland (see Times, 9 Jan. 1838). Another son, Robert, introduced a cotton manufacture into Belfast (1779), and was father of Henry Joy (d. 1835), a frequent writer in the ‘Newsletter,’ one of the authors of ‘Belfast Politics,’ 1794, 12mo (anon., with William Bruce (1757–1841) [q. v.]; enlarged by John Lawless, 1818, 8vo); Henry Joy also compiled ‘Historical Collections relative to the Town of Belfast,’ 1817, 8vo (anon.)
[Benn's History of Belfast, 1877 i. 437 sq., 512 sq., 1880 ii. 171 sq.; Anderson's Catalogue of Early Belfast Printed Books, 1890; information from McSkimin's Manuscripts, vol. iii. per R. M. Young, esq.]
JOY, JOHN CANTILOE (1806–1866), artist. [SeeJoy, William, 1803–1867.]
JOY, THOMAS MUSGRAVE (1812–1866), painter, born in 1812 at Boughton-Monchelsea, Kent, was the only son of Thomas Joy, a landed proprietor there. He was allowed to indulge an early predilection for art, and was sent to London to study under Samuel Drummond, A.R.A. [q. v.] In 1831 he exhibited at the Royal Academy for the first time. In the following year he exhibited at the Society of British Artists, and subsequently up to his death was a frequent contributor to its exhibitions and to the British Institution. He was patronised by Lord Panmure, who placed John Phillip [q. v.] with him as a pupil. In 1841 he was commissioned by the queen to paint portraits of the Prince and Princess of Wales. He was best known for his subject pictures, such as ‘Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme,’ ‘A Medical Consultation,’ or ‘Prayer.’ He also painted some successful portraits, notably those of Sir Charles Napier
