Justel edited and published his father's ‘Bibliotheca Juris Canonici veteris, in duos tomos distributa,’ Paris, 1661. A ‘Recueil de divers voyages faits en Afrique et en Amérique qui n'ont point encore esté publiés,’ &c., published in Paris in 1674 by ‘H. J.,’ has been attributed to him. It is a mere compilation from English works. Agnew ascribes to him without offering any proof an anonymous ‘Answer to the Bishop of Condom's Book, entitled “An Exposition of the Doctrine of the Catholic Church,”’ translated and printed in Dublin in 1676. He was not, as Agnew says, ‘the chieftain of protestant controversialists,’ or he would scarcely have retained his post under James II. He seems to have been purely a scholar, with a strong bent towards mechanics and natural science, and not always on the best terms with the protestant ministers (see Ancillon, Lettres choisies de M. Simon). In 1686 Justel, who was a fellow of the Royal Society, communicated three papers to its ‘Transactions;’ not, however, of his own composition. Haag is probably right in attributing to him the letters, apparently signed ‘Fr. Justel,’ in the Harleian MSS. No. 6943. The article in Chaufepié's ‘Dictionnaire’ contains other letters of Justel.
[Mémoires concernant la vie et les ouvrages de plusieurs modernes, par M. Ancillon, Amsterdam, 1709, pp. 220–32; Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et critique, by Chaufepié, 1753; Macray's Annals of the Bodleian Libr. 1890, p. 143; Lettres choisies de M. Simon, Amsterdam edition of 1730; Biog. Brit. vol. vi. pt. ii. 1766; Haag's La France Protestante, tom. vi. art. ‘Justel,’ 1856; Didot's Nouvelle Biographie Générale, 1858; Agnew's Protestant Exiles from France in the Reign of Louis XIV, ii. 149, 150, and Index.]
JUSTUS, Saint (d. 627), fourth archbishop of Canterbury, was sent in 601 from Rome by Pope Gregory along with Laurentius, Mellitus, and others to reinforce the Kentish mission. In 604 he was consecrated first bishop of Rochester by Augustine [q. v.], and on 28 April received from Æthelbert, king of Kent, a grant to his church of certain lands lying about Rochester. As a portion of these lands has always borne the name of Priestfield, it has been suggested that it is possible that Justus was not a monk, though this would of course be contrary to the belief of the Canterbury historians (Stubbs). He helped Augustine in his ecclesiastical government (S. Bonifacii Epistolæ, i. 104, 168), and after Augustine's death joined Archbishop Laurentius and Mellitus in writing to the Scottish bishops and abbots to urge them to conform to the Roman usages. On the relapse into idolatry which followed the accession of Eadbald [q. v.] in Kent, he fled with Mellitus into Gaul in 617, and remained there a year, until he was recalled to his bishopric by the king. He governed his diocese diligently, and received a letter of exhortation addressed to him and Archbishop Mellitus by Boniface V, who became pope in 619. On the death of Mellitus on 24 April 624 he succeeded to the see of Canterbury, and received a pall from Boniface with a letter referring to the gift as conveying the right of consecrating bishops; so it was probably after receiving it, though in the same year as his accession, that he consecrated Romanus to succeed him at Rochester. Another letter from Boniface to Justus giving the primacy of the whole English church to Canterbury (Gesta Pontificum, p. 47) is doubtless spurious. On 21 July 625 he consecrated Paulinus bishop, to accompany Æthelburh [see under Edwin, 585?–633] to Northumbria. One or two further details given by Elmham can scarcely be considered historical. There are lives of Justus by Gervase, and by Goscelin [q. v.], in manuscript; a short one is also in a manuscript in the Lambeth Library (Stubbs). None of them adds anything to Bede's account. Justus died on 10 Nov. 627, and was buried in St. Peter's porch at St. Augustine's, Canterbury.
[A critical life by Bishop Stubbs in Dict. Christ. Biog. iii. 592; Hook's Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury, i. 99–109; Haddan and Stubbs's Eccl. Docs. iii. 72–81; Bede's Hist. Eccl. i. 29, ii. 3, 4, 8, 18 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Anglo-Saxon Chron. an. 627; S. Boniface, Epp. i. 104, 168 (Giles); Will. of Malm. Gesta Pontiff, pp. 6, 47–9, 134, Gervase of Cant. ii. 332–333, Elmham, pp. 116, 121 (all Rolls Ser.); Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 92; Dugdale's Monasticon, i. 162.]
JUSTYNE, PERCY WILLIAM (1812–1883), artist and book-illustrator, son of Percy and Anne Justyne, was born at Rochester in Kent in 1812. He was educated for the royal navy, and went on a surveying expedition in H.M.S. Nimble, but considerations of health led him to give up that profession, and he completed his education at a school at Mitcham, Surrey. He developed a taste for art, and practised landscape-painting. In 1837 he sent a landscape to the Suffolk Street exhibition, and in 1838 exhibited ‘A Scene in the Alps by Moonlight’ at the Royal Academy. From 1841 to 1845 he was private secretary to Major-general Charles Joseph Doyle, governor of the island of Grenada in the West Indies; he afterwards served as acting stipendiary magistrate in the island, and on Doyle's death in
