front of Philadelphia, when the American army in great force attacked the village on the morning of 4 Oct. 1777. Musgrave, with six companies of his regiment, threw himself into a large stone house, belonging to a Mr. Chew, which he defended with great resolution against repeated attacks, until he was reinforced and the Americans repulsed. The action was commemorated by a silver medal, which was at one time worn as a regimental order of merit (see Hastings, Irwin, and Tancred, works on medals). Chew's house is represented on the medal, and is the background of one of the engraved portraits of Musgrave in the British Museum Prints.
Musgrave went in 1778 to the West Indies as quartermaster-general of the troops sent from New York under Major-general James Grant (1720-1806) [q.v.], of Ballindalloch, to capture and defend St. Lucia. He left the West Indies sick, but afterwards returned as brigadier-general to America, and was the last British commandant of New York. He became a brevet-colonel in 1781, and on his return home at the peace was made aide-de-camp to the king, and lieutenant-general of Stirling Castle. Cornwallis mentions him as at the reviews at Berlin in 1785 with Ralph Abercromby and David Dundas (1735-1820) [q. v.] (Cornwallis Corresp. vol. i.) On 12 Oct. 1787 Musgrave was appointed colonel of the new 76th or 'Hindoostan' regiment (now 2nd West Riding), which then was raised for service in India, where it became famous. The rendezvous was at Chatham, and the recruits were chiefly from the Musgrave family estates in the north of England. Musgrave went out to India with it, and served on the staff at Madras for several years. He became a major-general, 28 April 1790. His hopes of a command against Tippoo Sultan were disappointed by Lord Cornwallis, who appears to have thought that Musgrave did not work harmoniously with the civil government of Madras (ib. i. 473-9). Musgrave's plan of operations is published in 'Cornwallis's Correspondence ' (ii. 8, 50). On his return Musgrave received many marks of attention from royalty. He was appointed lieutenant-general of Chelsea Hospital, but exchanged with David Dundas for that of Tilbury Fort, which did not require residence. He became a lieutenant-general 26 June 1797, and general 29 April 1802. He died in London on 31 Dec. 1812, aged 75, and was buried in the churchyard of St. George's, Hanover Square, in which parish he had long resided.
A portrait of Musgrave, painted by J. Abbott in 1786, was engraved and appeared in the 'British Military Panorama' in 1813 (Notes and Queries, 8th ser. v. 148).
[Foster's and Burke's Baronetages; Army Lists and London Gazettes; Beatson's Nav. and Mil. Memoirs, vols. iv-vi.; Cornwallis' s Corresp. vols. i-ii.; Biography of Musgrave in British Military Panorama, vol. iii. London, 1813.]
MUSGRAVE, THOMAS (1788–1860), successively bishop of Hereford and archbishop of York, the son of W. Peet Musgrave, a wealthy tailor and woollen-draper of Cambridge, by Sarah his wife, was born in Slaughter House Lane on 30 March 1788, and baptised at the parish church of Great St. Mary's on 25 April. He and his two brothers the elder of whom, Charles Musgrave, became eventually archdeacon of Craven were educated at the grammar school, Richmond, Yorkshire, then in the zenith of its reputation under Dr. Tate. He was admitted pensioner of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1804, was elected scholar in 1807, graduated B.A. as fourteenth wrangler in 1810, when William (afterwards Sir William) Henry Maule [q. v.] was senior wrangler, and Thomas Shaw Brandreth [q. v.] second. Musgrave proceeded M.A. in 1813. In 1811 he was members' prizeman. He was elected junior fellow in 1812, and senior fellow in 1832. In 1821, though his knowledge of oriental tongues was by no means profound, he was appointed lord almoner's professor of Arabic. In 1831 he served the office of senior proctor. He took holy orders, and filled in succession the college livings of Over (1823), St. Mary's, Cambridge (1825-1833), and Bottisham (1837). He became senior bursar of his college in 1825, and during a long tenure of the office only resigning it on his finally quitting Cambridge
in 1837 his sound judgment and practical knowledge of business proved of great service. He was also an active and judicious county magistrate. In politics he was a decided liberal, but without any admixture of party spirit. He was a warm advocate for the relaxation of all religious tests on admission to university degrees. The petition which, in March 1834, was presented to both houses of parliament with that object lay at his rooms for signature (Clark, Life of Sedgwick, p. 419; Lamb, Collection of Documents, pp. lvi-lxv). In May of the same year the pressure put upon Connop Thirlwall [q. v.], afterwards bishop of St. David's, by the master, Dr. Christopher Wordsworth [q. v.], which led Thirlwall to resign his tutorship, excited the indignation of Musgrave. He and Sedgwick drew up a paper addressed to the master, which was signed
