Paulinus from blame. The fugitives were escorted by Bass, one of the most valiant of the king's thegns. Along with other of Eadwine's precious vessels, Paulinus carried with him a large gold cross and the gold chalice that he used at the service of the altar; these were in Bede's time preserved at Canterbury. His deacon James remained in Northumbria, dwelling for the most part at a village that was called by his name near Catterick, and was the means of converting many from heathenism. He lived until Bede's time, and, being skilled in sacred song, taught the Roman or Canterbury mode of chanting to the Christians of the north, when peace had been restored to the church, and the number of believers had increased. Paulinus and his company were joyfully received by Eadbald, and the see of Rochester having been vacant since the death of Romanus in 627, he accepted it at the request of Eadbald and Honorius. It was probably while he was there, and certainly while he was in Kent, that he received the pall which Pope Honorius sent to him in 634 in answer to a request that Eadwine had made before his death. As he had then ceased to occupy the see of York, it is open to question whether he should be reckoned an archbishop (Canon Bright denies him the title, but it is accorded to him in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and elsewhere. No other occupant of the see of York received a pall until Egbert or Ecgberht (d. 766) [q. v.]). He died at Rochester on 10 Oct. 644 (Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, sub an., Peterborough version; Florence, sub an.), and was buried in the secretarium of his church there (Anglia Sacra, i. 154). In person he was tall, with a slightly stooping figure; he had black hair, a thin face, and an aquiline nose, and was of venerable and awe-inspiring aspect (Historia Ecclesiastica, ii. 16). His name was inserted in the calendar, his day being that of his deposition. His memory was specially revered at Rochester, and, on the cathedral church being rebuilt, his body was translated by Archbishop Lanfranc, who laid his relics in a silver shrine, and gave a silver cross to stand above the feretory (Registrum Roffense, p. 120). A Glastonbury tradition represents Paulinus as residing some time there, and as covering the ancient church of the house with lead (Will. Malm. De Antiquitatibus Glastoniæ, p. 300). Some of his bones and teeth were among the relics in York minster (Fabric Rolls, p. 151), and his name was inserted in ‘Liber Vitæ’ of Durham (p. 7).
[Bede's Hist. Eccl. ii. cc. 9, 12–14, 16–20 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 601, 625, 633, 644; Alcuin's Carmen de SS. Ebor. ll. 135–6 ap. Historians of York, i. 353 (Rolls Ser.); Will. of Malmesbury's Gesta Pontiff. pp. 134, 211 (Rolls Ser.), and De Antiq. Eccl. Glast. ap. Gale's Scriptt. iii. 300; Nennius, p. 54 (Engl. Hist. Soc.); Ann. Cambr. an. 626, ap. Mon. Hist. Brit. p. 832; Haddan and Stubbs's Eccl. Documents, i. 124, iii. 33, 75, 82, 83; Anglia Sacra, i. 154; Acta SS. Bolland. Oct. v. 102 sqq.; Reg. Roffense, pp. 120, 124, ed. Thorpe; Fabric Rolls of York, p. 151, Liber Vitæ Dunelm. p. 7 (both Surtees Soc.); Camden's Britannia, col. 709 (ed. 1695); Whitaker's Whalley, p. 50, and Loidis and Elmete, pp. 299, 300; Hodgson Hinde's Hist. of Northumberland, i. 77; Dugdale's Monasticon, i. 152, vi. 1312; Bright's Chapters of Early English Church Hist. pp. 55, 111–23, 128–30; Raine's Fasti Ebor. pp. 35–46, and his art. ‘Paulinus’ (20) in Dict. Chr. Biogr. iv. 248; Churton's Early English Church, p. 56; Lingard's Hist. of England, i. 58 (ed. 1854).]
PAULL, JAMES (1770–1808), politician, born at Perth in 1770, was the son of a tailor and clothier, a parentage with which he was often twitted in after life. He was educated at the university of St. Andrews, and placed with a writer to the signet at Edinburgh, but soon tired of legal life. At the age of eighteen he went out as a writer to India, in the ship of Sir Home Popham, and about 1790 settled at Lucknow. Within two years from his arrival he earned sufficient money to repay the cost of his outfit and to provide an annuity for his mother, then a widow. In 1801 he quitted Lucknow and came to England for a time, but returned again to India in the following year. He had now established an extensive business, and occupied such a prominent position in commercial life at Lucknow that he was sent to Lord Wellesley as a delegate of the traders in that city. For a time viceroy and merchant were on good terms, but they soon parted in anger. Paull was a little man, of a ‘fiery heart,’ and in a duel in India with some one who taunted him with the meanness of his birth, he was so wounded as at the close of his life to lose the use of his right arm. In the latter part of 1804 he returned to England with the reputation of having amassed a large fortune. On his previous visit he had been graciously received by the Prince of Wales, and he considered himself one of the prince's political adherents, expecting in turn to receive the support of the Carlton House party in his attack on Lord Wellesley. He was elected for the borough of Newtown, Isle of Wight, on 5 June 1805, and before the month was out proceeded to move for papers relating to the dealings of Lord Wellesley with the nabob of Oudh. He had many friends,
