possible observations in his own line of work, and sent many papers and specimens to the Scottish Society of Antiquaries. In 1862 he went again to Egypt, and some notes which he then made for a projected work on the Nile valley were appended to Stuart's ‘Memoir’ of the author. He had, he said, disentangled two Nubian dialects. After a serious illness in Cairo and Alexandria he managed to struggle homewards as far as the Italian lakes. He died at La Majolica on 3 July 1863, and was buried at Wick.
Rhind's bequests were characteristic and valuable. He left 5,000l. for two scholarships in Edinburgh University, and 7,000l. to found an industrial institution at Wick for orphan girls of certain Caithness parishes. To the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland he bequeathed 400l. for excavations; a library of about sixteen hundred volumes, of which many were rare and valuable; copyright of his treatise on ‘Thebes, its Tombs and their Tenants;’ and a reversionary sum from the estate of Sibster to found a lectureship on archæology, which sum, on the termination of certain life-interests, became available in 1874.
Rhind's chief publication was ‘Thebes, its Tombs and their Tenants Ancient and Present, including a Record of Excavations in the Necropolis’ (1862). This is a standard treatise on its subject. Others of his works were: 1. ‘British Primæval Antiquities’ (1855), a pamphlet prepared as a paper for the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 2. ‘Egypt, its Climate, Character, and Resources as a Winter Resort,’ 1856. 3. ‘The Law of Treasure Trove,’ 1858; a subject then ‘in a very unsatisfactory condition’ (Gent. Mag. 1858, ii. 587).
Among Rhind's many contributions to archæological periodicals were papers on ‘Caithness tumuli’ (Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot.); ‘Classification of Primæval Relics’ (Archæol. Journal); and ‘Megalithic Vestiges in North Africa’ (Archæologia, xxxviii. 52). In 1863 appeared ‘Facsimiles of two Papyri found in a Tomb at Thebes, with a translation by Samuel Birch, LL.D.; and an account of their Discovery by A. Henry Rhind, Esq., F.S.A.’
[Memoir of Alexander Henry Rhind of Sibster, by John Stuart.]
RHIWALLON ap CYNFYN (d. 1069), Welsh prince, was the son of Cynfyn ap Gwerstan, and on the downfall of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn in 1063 received (with his brother Bleddyn) North Wales on condition of faithfully serving Edward the Confessor ‘everywhere by water and by land.’ As the son of Angharad, daughter of Maredudd ab Owain ap Hywel Dda, he was Gruffydd's half-brother. In August 1067 he and Bleddyn joined Eadric the Wild in an attack upon Herefordshire, which was part of the general resistance to the Conqueror. In 1069 (or 1070?) the two fought the battle of Mechain with Maredudd and Idwal, sons of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn. Though they were victorious, Rhiwallon fell, leaving Bleddyn sole prince of North Wales. His daughter Nest married Rhys ap Tewdwr, and was mother of Nest [q. v.], the mistress of Henry I (Brut y Tywysogion, ed. Rhys and Evans, p. 281).
[Annales Cambriæ; Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; Florence of Worcester; Freeman's Norman Conquest, iv. 110, 183.]
RHODES, EBENEZER (1762–1839), topographer, was born in Yorkshire, probably at Sheffield, in 1762. He entered the cutlery trade, and was elected master-cutler in 1808. Rhodes made many excursions with James Montgomery [q. v.], whom he had first met accidentally on an antiquarian tour, to Monsal Dale, Miller's Dale, and other parts of Derbyshire. In 1818 he published the first part of his folio edition of his ‘Peak Scenery, or the Derbyshire Tourist,’ dedicated to the Duke of Devonshire and illustrated by Chantrey. It was completed in four parts by 1824, and republished, London, 1824, 8vo, without the plates. This was followed by ‘Yorkshire Scenery,’ pt. i. London, 1826, 4to (no more published). In 1837 Rhodes issued a small ‘Derbyshire Tourist's Guide and Travelling Companion.’ All his books involved him in financial loss, although his ‘Peak Scenery’ remains a standard work. Apart from these ventures, he had turned his attention to journalism, and for a few years was editor of the ‘Sheffield Independent.’ Meanwhile his business failed, and before his death he became a bankrupt. A fund was raised for his support, to which Montgomery subscribed 100l., while Chantrey privately gave Rhodes 50l. a year. Rhodes thenceforth made a small income by preparing steel plates for engravers by a novel process. He died, in embarrassed circumstances, on 16 Dec. 1839 in Victoria Street, Sheffield, leaving a family unprovided for.
[Hunter's Hallamshire, p. 346; Leader's Reminiscences of Old Sheffield, pp. 58, 109, 220, 221–2; Montgomery's Life by Holland and Everett, i. 136, ii. 28, 39, 203, 359, iii. 305, 327, iv. 245, v. 373; Sheffield Iris, 17 Dec. 1839; information from Mr. J. Rodgers of Newark.]
