student, were published at Aberdeen in 1740, and reissued in collected editions of his works, 1765, 1773, and 1830. William Orem [q. v.], in his ‘Old Aberdeen’ (1791), has preserved the ‘Morning and Evening Service’ which Scougal prepared for use in Aberdeen Cathedral; the prayers are printed in Nichols's ‘Bibliotheca Typographica,’ in Peter Hall's ‘Fragmenta Liturgica’ (Bath, 1848), and in the Aberdeen edition of the ‘Life of God,’ 1892. Patrick Cockburn states that Scougal left behind him three tracts in Latin, ‘A Short System of Ethics,’ ‘A Preservative against the Artifices of the Romish Missionaries,’ and the beginning of a work on ‘The Pastoral Care;’ but these do not seem to have been printed, and the manuscripts are lost.
There is a fine portrait of Scougal in the senatus room at King's College, Aberdeen; a photogravure is prefixed to the latest edition (Aberdeen, 1892) of his ‘Life of God.’
[Epitaph; Funeral Sermon by George Garden, D.D.; Life and Writings of the Author, prefixed to Aberdeen edit. 1892; Grub's Eccl. Hist. of Scotland; Hew Scott's Fasti, iii. 650.]
SCOUGAL or SCOUGALL, JOHN (1645?–1730?), portrait-painter, is supposed to have been born in Leith about the middle of the seventeenth century, and to have been cousin of Patrick Scougal [q. v.], bishop of Aberdeen. The signature ‘Dd. Scougal’ appears upon a portrait dated 1654 at Newbattle Abbey, but this artist's relationship to John Scougall is undetermined. In 1670 Scougall painted a portrait of Sir Archibald Primrose, lord Carrington [q. v.], lord justice clerk, which now belongs to the Earl of Rosebery; and at Penicuik House there are two portraits which, from an entry in an old ‘Book of Accompts’ preserved in the Charter-room there, were paid for in November 1675. The entry is ‘To John Scougall for 2 pictures, 36l.’ Scougall lived at Advocates' Close, Edinburgh, in a house one of the floors of which he fitted up as a picture gallery. In 1698 he made the copy of George Heriot's portrait which hangs in the hospital from an original by Van Somer, now lost, and in 1708 a minute of the Glasgow town council confirmed the provost's purchase of full-length portraits of William III and Queen Mary from ‘Mr. Scowgall, Limner in Edinburgh.’ Four years later another minute ‘ordaines William Gow, the treasurer, to pay to John Scougall, elder, painter, fifteen pounds sterling money as the pryce of the picture of her majesty Queen Anne painted and furnished be him.’ Sir Daniel Wilson states that Scougall died at Prestonpans about 1730, aged 85 (Memorials of Old Edinburgh).
The two bust portraits at Penicuik are perhaps the finest of the authenticated portraits by Scougall, and show the influence of Vandyck in handling and colour. A portrait of John Scougall by himself is in the Scottish National Gallery.
Many inferior examples, influenced in style by Lely, are attributed to Scougall, and it is usually thought that there were two painters of the name. All the information we possess about the second, usually spoken of as the ‘younger Scougall,’ seems to be derived from one source, an article (said to be by the painter, Sir George Chalmers [q. v.]) which appeared in the ‘Weekly Magazine’ on 16 Jan. 1772. The writer says ‘the elder Scougal had a son George, whom he bred a painter. For some time after the revolution painters were few. The younger Scougal was the only one whose great run of business brought him into an incorrect stiff manner, void of expression. His carelessness occasioned many complaints by his employers; but he gave for answer that they might seek others, well knowing that there was none to be found at that time in Scotland.’ Portraits at Riccarton House and elsewhere attributed to the younger Scougall are certainly inferior to those at Penicuik, but beyond this and the article referred to there is nothing to go by.
[Weekly Magazine, Edinburgh, 1772; Smith's Iconographia Scotica, 1798; Wilson's Memorials of Old Edinburgh; Gray's Notes on Newbattle and Penicuik; Redgrave's and Bryan's Dictionaries; Catalogues: Scottish National Gallery, Glasgow Corporation Gallery, R.S.A. Loan Exhibition, 1863, Scottish National Portraits, 1884.]
SCOUGAL or SCOUGALL, PATRICK (1607?–1682), bishop of Aberdeen, son of Sir John Scougal of that ilk, in the county of Haddington, was born about 1607. He was educated at the university of Edinburgh, where he graduated in 1624. Ordained in 1636 by Archbishop Spotiswood [q. v.], he was presented by him to the parish of Dairsie in Fifeshire; the church there had been built by the primate as a model for imitation in Scotland. Scougal so far complied with the dominant covenanters that in 1641 he was appointed by parliament one of the commission for visiting the colleges of St. Andrews. He was presented by Charles I in 1644 to Leuchars in the same county. In 1648 he removed as superstitious the ‘crosier staffes and glorious partition wall, dividing the bodie’ or nave of the grand Norman church of that parish, ‘fra the queir,’ with ‘divers
