TRAHERNE, JOHN MONTGOMERY (1788–1860), antiquary, born on 5 Oct. 1788, was the eldest son of Llewelyn Traherne of Coedriglan, St. George's-super-Ely, Glamorganshire, by Charlotte, daughter of John Edmondes. The Trahernes traced descent on the female side, through the Herberts of Swansea (progenitors of the earls of Pembroke and Powis), from Einion ap Collwyn.
Traherne matriculated from Oriel College, Oxford, on 11 Dec. 1806, proceeding B.A. in 1810 and M.A. in 1813. He was ordained deacon in 1812 and priest in 1813, and on 21 March 1844 was installed chancellor of Llandaff, an appointment which he retained until 1851.
He was one of the chief authorities of his time on the genealogies and archæology of Glamorganshire. In 1840 he edited ‘The Stradling Correspondence: a Series of Letters written in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, with Notices of the Family of Stradling of St. Donat's Castle’ (London, 8vo). The bulk of the letters in this collection were addressed to Sir Edward Stradling [q. v.]
Besides contributions to archæological journals, Traherne's assistance was frequently acknowledged by other workers in the same field (cf. Dillwyn, Swansea; Francis, Neath). He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society on 21 Dec. 1813, of the Geological Society in 1817, of the Royal Society on 29 May 1823, and of the Society of Antiquaries on 15 Feb. 1838. He was also an honorary member of the Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and of the Society of Antiquaries, Copenhagen.
Traherne died, without issue, on 5 Feb. 1860 at Coedriglan, where he had resided throughout his life, and was buried at St. Hilary, near Cowbridge, Glamorganshire. He married, on 23 April 1830, Charlotte Louisa, third daughter of Thomas Mansel Talbot of Margam, who survived him.
Besides the work mentioned, Traherne published: 1. ‘Lists of Knights of the Shire for Glamorgan and of Members for the Boroughs,’ 1822, 12mo. 2. ‘Abstract of Pamphlets relative to Cardiff Castle in the Reign of Charles I,’ 1822, 12mo. 3. ‘Historical Notices of Sir Matthew Cradock, Knt., of Swansea, in the Reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII,’ Llandovery, 1840, 8vo. Traherne's collections of manuscripts passed on his death to his friend Sir Thomas Phillipps [q. v.], and are now at the free library, Cardiff.
[Pedigree in notices of Sir Matthew Cradock; Clark's Genealogies of Glamorgan, p. 560; Nicholas's County Families of Wales, 1872, ii. 643; Burke's Landed Gentry, 8th edit. p. 2036; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Arch. Cambr. 3rd ser. vi. 140; Gent. Mag. 1860, i. 517; Cambrian (Swansea), 10 Feb. 1860.]
TRAHERON, BARTHOLOMEW (1510?–1558?), protestant writer, born about 1510, was descended from an ancient Cornish family, and is said to have been a native of Cornwall. Possibly he was son of George Traheron who was placed on the commission of the peace for Herefordshire in 1523 and died soon afterwards. Bartholomew was early left an orphan, and was brought up under the care of Richard Tracy [q. v.] of Toddington, Gloucestershire, who, says Traheron, ‘whan I was destitute of father and mother, conceaued a very fatherly affection towarde me and not onely brought me up in the universities of this and forayne realmes with your great costes and charges, but also most earnestly exhorted me to forsake the puddels of sophisters.’ Traheron became a friar minorite before 1527, when he is said to have been persecuted at Oxford for his religion by John London [q. v.], warden of New College; he is also said to have belonged to Exeter College or Hart Hall, but his name does not occur in the registers. Subsequently he removed to Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1533, being still a friar minorite (Lansd. MS. 981, f. 9). Soon afterwards relinquishing his habit, he went abroad, travelling in Italy and Germany. In September 1537 he joined Bullinger at Zurich (Bullinger, Decades, Parker Soc. v. p. xii), and in 1538 he was living at Strasburg. In that year he published an exhortation to his brother Thomas to embrace the reformed religion.
Early in 1539 Cromwell took Traheron into his service, and Lord-chancellor Audley seems to have befriended him (Original Letters, Parker Soc. i. 316–17). After Cromwell's fall he escaped from court ‘with much difficulty’ and retired into the country, where in May 1542 he was credited with an intention ‘to marry a lady with 120 florins income and keep a grammar school for boys’ (ib. i. 226). In 1543 he dedicated to Tracy his translation of ‘The moste Excellent Workes of Chirurgerye made and set forthe by maister John Vigon, heed chirurgien of our tyme in Italie,’ London, 4to (other editions 1550 fol., 1571 fol., 1586 4to). Before the end of Henry VIII's reign Traheron found it advisable again to go abroad, and in 1546 he was with Calvin at Geneva. Calvin exercised great influence over Traheron, who gradually abandoned his friend Bullinger's comparatively moderate views, and adopted Calvin's doctrine of predestination and anti-
