every island but Cuba and Porto Rico. Not long after he went to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway to visit Friends there, and in April 1855 was occupied in relieving distress in the Hebrides, concerning which he published a small volume at Newcastle in 1855.
Tregelles lived at Torquay, Falmouth, Frenchay, and, after his second marriage in 1850 to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Richardson of Sunderland, at Derwent Hill, Shotley Bridge, Durham, where he acquired land, upon which he worked a colliery. His addresses to navvies and railway men, among whom his profession led him, were powerful and efficacious. He was a member of the council of the United Kingdom Alliance, and a warm supporter of local option.
He died at his daughter's house at Banbury on 16 Sept. 1886. By his first wife, Jenepher Fisher, an Irishwoman, who died in 1844, Tregelles had a son Arthur, besides his two daughters. By his second wife, Elizabeth, who died on 3 March 1878, he had no issue.
His ‘Diary’ for fifty-five years, edited by his daughter, Mrs. Hingston Fox, London, 1892, throws abundant light on quaker society of the century.
[Life, by his daughter, 1892; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Corn. ii. 753; Minutes of Proc. Inst. C. E. ix. 232, xxi. 148; Annual Monitor, 1887, pp. 183–9.]
TREGELLES, SAMUEL PRIDEAUX (1813–1875), biblical scholar, son of Samuel Tregelles (1789–1828), merchant, of Falmouth, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of George Prideaux of Kingsbridge, was born at Wodehouse Place, Falmouth, on 30 Jan. 1813. Edwin Octavius Tregelles [q. v.] was his uncle. He possessed a powerful memory and showed remarkable precocity. What education he had was received at Falmouth classical school from 1825 to 1828. From 1829 to 1835 Tregelles was engaged in ironworks at Neath Abbey, Glamorgan, and devoted his spare time to learning Greek, Hebrew, and Chaldee. He also mastered Welsh, and sometimes preached and even published in that language. Finding his work distasteful, he returned to Falmouth in 1835, and supported himself by taking pupils. Although both his parents were Friends, he now joined the Plymouth brethren, but later in life he became a presbyterian.
His first book was ‘Passages in the Revelation connected with the Old Testament,’ 1836. In 1837, having obtained work from publishers, he settled in London. He superintended the publication of the ‘Englishman's Greek Concordance to the New Testament,’ 1839, and the ‘Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance to the Old Testament,’ 1843. In 1841 he wrote for Bagster's ‘English Hexapla’ an ‘Historical Account of the English Versions of the Scriptures.’
In 1838 Tregelles took up the critical study of the New Testament, and formed a design for a new Greek text. This plan was the result of finding, first, that the textus receptus did not rest on ancient authority; secondly, that existing collations were inconsistent and inaccurate. His design was to form a text on the authority of ancient copies only, without allowing prescriptive preference to the received text; to give to ancient versions a determining voice as to the insertion of clauses, letting the order of words rest wholly on manuscripts; and, lastly, to state clearly the authorities for the readings. Tregelles was for many years unaware that he was working on the same lines as Lachmann. Like Lachmann, he minimised the importance of cursive manuscripts, thereby differing from Scrivener.
He first became generally known through ‘The Book of Revelation, edited from Ancient Authorities,’ 1844; new edit. 1859. This contained the announcement of his intention to prepare a Greek testament. He began by collating the cod. Augiensis at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1845 he went to Rome with the special intention of collating Codex B. in the Vatican, but, though he spent five months there, he was not allowed to copy the manuscript. He nevertheless contrived to note some important readings. From Rome he went to Florence, Modena, Venice, Munich, and Basle, reading and collating all manuscripts that came within the scope of his plan. He returned to England in November 1846, and settled at Plymouth. In 1849 he went to Paris, but an attack of cholera drove him home. In 1850 he returned and finished the laborious task of collating the damaged ‘Cyprius’ (K). He went on to Hamburg, and thence to Berlin, where he met Lachmann. He also went to Leipzig, Dresden, Wolfenbüttel, and Utrecht, and returned home in 1851. Down to 1857 he was employed collating manuscripts in England. In 1853 he restored and deciphered the uncial palimpsest Z of St. Matthew's Gospel at Dublin.
In 1854 appeared his ‘Account of the Printed Text,’ which remains valuable even after Scrivener. In 1856 he rewrote for Horne's ‘Introduction’ the section on ‘Textual Criticism’ contained in vol. iv.
The first part of the Greek Testament, St. Matthew and St. Mark, was published to
