the iniquity of English laws have been based upon these fables (cf. Gent. Mag. 1819 passim). Fabulous, too, in all probability, are the Turpin traditions at Hounslow, at Finchley, and at Enfield, where one of the robber's lurking-places in Camlet-moat is still pointed out. Dick Turpin's ‘portmanteau’ forms the subject of an engraving in Pinks's ‘Clerkenwell’ (1881, p. 164; cf. Thorne, Environs of London; Robinson, History and Antiquities of Enfield, 1823, i. 58 n.) The legend was humorously amplified in the well-known ballad in the ‘Pickwick Papers.’
[The Trial of the Notorious Highwayman Richard Turpin at York Assizes on 22 March 1739, before the Hon. Sir William Chapple, knt., Judge of Assize and one of His Majesty's Justices of the Court of King's Bench. Taken down in court by Thomas Kylls, professor of shorthand. To which is prefixed an exact account of the said Turpin from his first coming into Yorkshire to the time of his being committed prisoner to York Castle … with a copy of a letter which Turpin received from his father while under sentence of death, York, 1739; 4th edition expanded, 1739. Numerous chapbook lives, réchauffés of Ainsworth, have appeared in London and the provinces between 1834 and 1896. See also Gent. Mag. 1739, p. 213; Hargrove's Hist. of York, ii. 310; Twyford and Griffiths's Records of York Castle, 1880, pp. 251–5; Depositions from York Castle, ed. Raine, 1861, p. 279; Tyburn Chronicle, iii. 99–112; Remarkable Trials, pp. 100 sq.; Walford's Old and New London; Wheatley and Cunningham's London, i. 279; Wroth's London Pleasure Gardens, p. 100; Retrospective Review, vii. 283; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ix. 386, 433, 3rd ser. xi. 440, 505, 8th ser. viii. 4; Standard, 23 May 1867.]
'TURQUET de MAYERNE, Sir THEODORE (1573-1655), physician. [See Mayerne.]
TURSTIN (d. 1140), archbishop of York. [See Thurstan.]
TURSWELL, THOMAS (1548–1585), canon of St. Paul's, born in 1548 at Bishop's Norton, Lincolnshire, was educated at Eton College (Harwood, p. 181). Thence he was elected in 1566 to a scholarship at King's College, Cambridge, being admitted on 23 Aug. On 24 Aug. 1569 he was elected fellow, and he graduated B.A. in 1570 and M.A. in 1574. In 1572–3 he was licensed to practise surgery by the university, and in 1578 to practise physic. He was incorporated at Oxford on 14 July 1579, and is said by Foster to have been licensed to practise medicine in 1578 and to have graduated M.D. in 1584. On 26 Jan. 1575–6 he vainly solicited from Burghley the post of keeper of the library at King's College, Cambridge. He is said to have been steward to John Whitgift [q. v.] while bishop of Worcester, and on 7 Nov. 1580 he was collated to the prebend of Portpoole in St. Paul's Cathedral. He died early in 1584–5, his successor being appointed on 1 March (Hennessy, Novum Repertorium Londin. p. 45, s.v. ‘Thurswell’).
Cooper (Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 101) attributes to Turswell the authorship of: 1. ‘The Schoolemaster or Teacher of Table Philosophy …,’ London, 1576, 4to; 2nd ed. 1583, 4to. 2. ‘A View of certain wonderfull Effects of late Dayes come to Passe … written by T. T. this 28 Nov. 1578,’ London, 1578, 4to. 3. ‘A Myrrour for Martinists … published by T. T.,’ London, 1590, 4to. The first of these works is usually assigned to Thomas Twyne [q. v.]; its dedication to Alexander Nowell [q. v.], dean of St. Paul's while Turswell was canon, is some presumption in Turswell's favour, but the ‘merry jests and delectable devises’ of which the fourth book consists are scarcely such as would be dedicated by a canon to his dean (cf. manuscript notes in British Museum copy of the 1583 edit.; Halkett and Laing, col. 2271). The second work is possibly by Turswell, though Thomas Tymme [q. v.], another of the numerous contemporary T. T.'s, is an equally probable candidate. The third is manifestly not by Turswell, because he died before the Martin Mar-Prelate controversy broke out.
[Works in Brit. Mus. Libr.; Hazlitt's Handbook and Collections; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1547–80, p. 515; Brydges's Censura Lit. v. 279; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. ii. 101; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Le Neve's Fasti, ii. 428; Newcourt's Repertorium, i. 200.]
TURTON, JOHN (1735–1806), physician, born in Staffordshire on 15 Nov. 1735, was son of John Turton (1700–1754), physician, of Wolverhampton and of Adelphi Street, London, by his wife Dorothy, only surviving child of Gregory Hickman. Dr. Johnson wrote some verses to this lady, ‘To Miss Hickman playing on the Spinet’ (Boswell, Life of Johnson, ed. Croker, 1791, p. 23). John entered Queen's College, Oxford, on 23 Oct. 1752, graduating thence B.A. 16 June 1756, and M.A. 31 May 1759. In May 1761 he obtained a Radcliffe travelling fellowship at University College, Oxford, and on 28 Sept. 1761 began to study medicine at Leyden (Peacock, Index of Leyden Students, 1883). He graduated M.B. from University College 11 Dec. 1762, and M.D. 27 Feb. 1767. He
