issuing ‘Remarks upon Prison Discipline: a Letter addressed to the Lord-lieutenant and Magistrates of the County of Essex,’ London, 1821, 8vo. This was followed by ‘Thoughts on Prison Discipline and the present State of the Police of the Metropolis,’ London, 1822, 8vo, with a design for a model house of correction to contain four hundred prisoners, by (Sir) William Cubitt [q. v.], the inventor of the treadmill. The earlier tract was highly praised in the ‘Edinburgh Review’ (xxxvi. 353), and both were answered by George Holford in a ‘Vindication of the General Penitentiary at Milbank,’ London, 1822, 8vo; reprinted 1825.
Western's support of the whigs in their long struggle for electoral reform cost him his seat, for at the first election after the passing of the Reform Bill he was defeated by thirty-six votes (24 Dec. 1832). His long services, however, were immediately rewarded by Lord Melbourne, who recommended him for a peerage, and on 28 Jan. 1833 he was created Baron Western of Rivenhall, Essex. On 21 March 1834 a presentation was made him at Chelmsford by the county, where he was extremely popular. But although he had made his mark in the lower house as a speaker of great ability, he seldom took part in the debates of the lords, and thenceforth lived in comparative retirement, devoted to practical improvements in farming, and experiments which he invited all agriculturists to examine. He gave his attention particularly to improving the breed of sheep; hence his name was long known and honoured in the colonies for his skilful efforts to ‘place Merino wool upon a Leicester carcass.’
Western died at Felix Hall on 4 Nov. 1844, and was buried on the 13th in Rivenhall church with his ancestors. He was unmarried, and the peerage became extinct. The estates devolved upon Western's cousin, Thomas Burch Western of Tattingstone Park, Suffolk, who was created a baronet on 20 Aug. 1864.
A portrait by Copley of Western and his brother Shirley is at Felix Hall. Beside those above mentioned, Western published the following pamphlets: 1. ‘Address to the Landowners of the United Empire,’ London, 1822, 8vo. 2. ‘Second Address and Supplement,’ London, 1822, 8vo. 3. ‘Letter to the Earl of Liverpool on the Causes of our present Embarrassment and Distress, and the Measures necessary for our effectual Relief,’ London, 1826, 8vo. 4. ‘A few practical Remarks upon the Improvement of Grass Land by means of Irrigation, Winter Flooding, and Drainage,’ London, 1826, 8vo. 5. ‘The Maintenance of the Corn Laws essential to the general Prosperity of the Empire,’ 3rd edit. London, 1839, 8vo. 6. ‘Letter to the Chairman of the Meeting of Birmingham Chamber of Commerce assembled at the Waterloo Rooms,’ London, 1843, 8vo.
[Chelmsford Chronicle, 8 and 15 Nov. 1844; Essex Herald, 1 Jan. 1833; Times, 5 Nov. 1844; Burke's Peerage, 7th edit. 1841; Official Returns of Members of Parl.; Edinburgh Review, vol. xxvi. June 1816, p. 255; monuments in Rivenhall church; private information.]
WESTFALING or WESTPHALING, HERBERT (1532?–1602), bishop of Hereford, born in London about 1531 or 1532, was the son of Harbert Westphaling, a resident in London, and the grandson of Harbert, a native of Westphalia. He became a student of Christ Church, Oxford, in 1547, supplicated B.A. in 1551, and graduated M.A. on 12 July 1555. On 12 Dec. 1561 he took the degree of B.D., and proceeded D.D. on 18 Feb. 1565–6. In 1560 he joined in a memorial to the Earl of Leicester requesting him to appoint the puritan Thomas Sampson [q. v.] dean of Christ Church (Strype, Annals of the Reformation, 1824, I. ii. 147–8). The application was successful. In the following year Westfaling was ordained priest by Edmund Grindal [q. v.], bishop of London, and on 7 March 1561–2 he was installed a canon of Christ Church, through the patronage of Sir William Cecil (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1547–80, p. 195). On 16 Dec. 1562 he was appointed Margaret professor of divinity, but resigned the post in the beginning of 1564. In 1566 ‘he learnedly disputed before Queen Elizabeth in S. Mary's Church.’ On 26 Sept. 1567 he was collated treasurer of the diocese of London, and on 29 July 1572 was instituted rector of Brightwell Baldwin in Oxfordshire, which he received license to hold with his other preferments. On 23 June 1576 he was admitted vice-chancellor of the university of Oxford, and on 14 July he was nominated member of a commission appointed by Grindal to visit the city and diocese of Gloucester, where complaints had been made against the dean and chapter. Instructions were drawn up by the commission enjoining on them a more careful observance of their duties (Strype, Life of Grindal, 1821, pp. 315, 318, Life of Parker, 1821, i. 319). On 29 May 1577 he was appointed a canon of Windsor.
Westfaling was distinguished for his zeal for the conversion of Roman catholic recusants. In 1582 he published a controversial
