games were to be played at New York, seven at St. Louis, and seven at New Orleans. The British Chess Club entertained Zukertort in London in November 1885, previously to his departure. He won four out of the first five games, but was utterly crushed in the concluding portion of the match, which terminated at New Orleans on 29 March 1886 (see Chess Monthly, February and March). He returned from the States a broken-down man. His nerves seemed overstrained, an impediment in his speech was noticeable, and he had not the energy to rouse himself from a kind of mental torpor. He lost a short match with Blackburne (1887), and it was doubted whether he would venture to play in an international contest projected at Bradford for the autumn of 1888. In the summer handicap of the British Chess Club (1888) he headed the list, and the auguries became more hopeful; but on 19 June 1888, while playing at Simpson's chess divan, he was suddenly attacked by apoplexy; he was removed at the instance of Dr. Cassidy to Charing Cross Hospital, and he died there, aged 46, on 20 June. He was buried at Brompton cemetery on 26 June, when most of the prominent British chess players were represented at his graveside. From 1878 to 1883, said the ‘Times’ justly, in an obituary notice, ‘Dr. Zukertort was considered by many to have attained a degree of excellence in chess that has never been exceeded.’
Zukertort was a clever conversationist and linguist (speaking English like a native), with a marvellous memory, and a large store of general information. His memory, it was said, only failed him when he had to answer a letter or keep an appointment. At the chess-board one could not gather from his countenance whether he was winning or losing, for he presented in either case the picture of abject misery. At New York in 1886 he was described as illustrating nerves, while Steinitz illustrated solidity. As a blindfold player he was not surpassed even by Blackburne, and as an analyst he probably had no equal. His annotations upon the Morphy-Anderssen match in the pages of the ‘Chess Monthly’ were a revelation, entirely superseding the previous analysis by Lowenthal. His knowledge of the openings was exhaustive, and his analyses of the Evans, Muzio, and Allgaier gambits completely altered long-established opinions as to their value. Very few English players have equalled Zukertort in devotion and service to the game of which he was such a brilliant exponent. ‘Altogether he was a chess genius of the highest order’ (Illustr. London News, 30 June 1888). The majority of his more important games are to be found either in the ‘Chess Monthly’ or in the books of the various tournaments in which he was engaged; seventeen are printed in ‘Mr. Blackburne's Games at Chess,’ 1899.
Photographic portraits appeared in the ‘Illustrated London News’ (30 June 1888), ‘Chess Monthly’ (July 1888), and elsewhere. The only one which conveys any true idea of his gaunt, haggard, and ‘corrugated’ appearance is the pen-and-ink caricature in the ‘Westminster Papers,’ 1 June 1876, with the legend ‘The Chess Apostle.’
[Chess Monthly, 1879–88; preface to International Chess Tournament of 1883 (Thirty-two games by Zukertort); Steinitz's International Chess Mag. March and April 1886; Mr. Blackburne's Games at Chess, 1899; Fortnightly Rev. (art. by Hoffer), December 1886; Field, 23 June 1888 (the best memoir), by Mr. Hoffer, who has kindly revised this notice; Times, 21 June 1888; Macdonnell's Chess Life Pictures, and Knights and Kings of Chess, pp. 15–26 (portrait); Bird's Hist. of Chess; Bilguer's Handbuch, 1891, p. 67; Schallop's Der Schachwettkampf zwischen Wilh. Steinitz und J. H. Zukertort, 1886; Schweigger's Zukertort's Blindlings Schachspiel, Berlin, 1873.]
ZUYLESTEIN or ZULESTEIN, WILLIAM HENRY, first Earl of Rochford (1645–1709), born at the Schloss of Zuylenstein or Zuylestein, about a mile from the city of Utrecht, in May 1645, was the eldest son of Frederick Nassau de Zuylestein, who married, as his first wife, in 1644, Mary, eldest daughter of Sir William Killigrew, bart., and first cousin of Charles II's daughter, the Countess of Yarmouth. This Mary Killigrew went over to Holland, aged barely seventeen, as a maid of honour to Mary, princess royal of England and princess of Orange, in February 1644.
William Henry's father, Frederick Nassau de Zuylestein (1608–1672), was a natural son, by the daughter of a burgomaster of Emmerich, of Henry Frederick, prince of Orange. He was a faithful henchman to his half-brother, William II, until that prince's sudden death in 1650, and a few years later it was agreed between the Princess Mary and the Princess Dowager Amalia that he should act as governor to his ‘nephew’ (afterwards William III). In 1659, against the young prince's own inclination, Zuylestein was supplanted in this influential position by Johan van Ghent, a partisan of the grand pensionary John de Witt (Pontalis, De Witt, i. 476). He nevertheless accompanied William to England in the winter of 1670. Burnet relates that Charles spoke to the
