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The Literature of International Relations

of value to the student of history. Attention may be directed particularly, in the volume on Peace, to ch. iii on National State-Systems of Christendom, ch. iv on the Ottoman Empire, ch. v on the Kingdoms of the Lower Danube, and ch. xiii on the Right of Treaty; and in the volume on War to ch. v on Rights of a Belligerent on the High Seas (with an interesting historical retrospect),^[1] and ch. vii on Contraband of War.

Of Mr. W. E. Hall's Treatise of International Law, published in 1880, it has been said by the author of a recent work of distinction on the subject that it 'at once won the attention of the whole world; it is one of the best books on the subject that have ever been written'.^[2] The author's attachment to facts, the distance by which he is separated from the deductive and transcendental school of writers on the subject, and the soundness of his judgement^[3] make his work a natural and serviceable ally of the historian and of the student of policy. An Appendix on 'The Formation of the Conception of International Law' may well be taken as a starting-point by the reader of Wheaton's History or of substitutes for that work. For the historical student the following parts of the book are of

↑ For example, § 74 on the office of Admiral, § 75 on Admiralty jurisdiction of Nations, § 76 on Customs of the Sea, and §§ 83, 84, 85 on ‘systematic departures from the Rule of the Consolato del Mar'.
↑ L. Oppenheim, International Law (1907), vol. i, p. 93. Mr. Oppenheim's work is, on the whole, a little more easily read than Hall's. The following parts have value for the historical student: vol. i (2nd ed., 1912), pp. 45–59 on development of international law before Grotius, and pp. 59-83 on development after Grotius; pp. 188–99 on intervention (the Monroe Doctrine, pp. 196–9); pp. 315–20 on freedom of the open sea; vol. ii, pp. 347–60 on neutrality, from the Middle Ages. An Appendix gives the texts of the Declaration of Paris, 1856; the Geneva Convention, 1906; the Final Act of the Second Hague Peace Conference, 1907; the Declaration of London, 1907, including the Report of the Drafting Committee.
↑ Satow, Diplomatic Practice, ii, p. 371.

[1] For example, § 74 on the office of Admiral, § 75 on Admiralty jurisdiction of Nations, § 76 on Customs of the Sea, and §§ 83, 84, 85 on ‘systematic departures from the Rule of the Consolato del Mar'.

[2] L. Oppenheim, International Law (1907), vol. i, p. 93. Mr. Oppenheim's work is, on the whole, a little more easily read than Hall's. The following parts have value for the historical student: vol. i (2nd ed., 1912), pp. 45–59 on development of international law before Grotius, and pp. 59-83 on development after Grotius; pp. 188–99 on intervention (the Monroe Doctrine, pp. 196–9); pp. 315–20 on freedom of the open sea; vol. ii, pp. 347–60 on neutrality, from the Middle Ages. An Appendix gives the texts of the Declaration of Paris, 1856; the Geneva Convention, 1906; the Final Act of the Second Hague Peace Conference, 1907; the Declaration of London, 1907, including the Report of the Drafting Committee.

[3] Satow, Diplomatic Practice, ii, p. 371.

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