- Right Wing Terrorism (incorporating offences motivated by both so-called Far Right and Extreme Right Wing ideologies);
- Left-Wing, Anarchist and Single-Issue Terrorism (LASIT);
- Ethno-nationalist/Separatist Terrorism (including Sikh terrorism, Basque separatists); and
- Northern Ireland-Related Terrorism (NIRT).[1]
'Right-Wing Terrorism'
14. JTAC assesses that most individuals in this area are motivated by an ideology somewhere between the Far-Right and Extreme Right-Wing perspectives, with there being significant overlaps between the two. Whilst an extremist motivated by Extreme Right-Wing or Right-Wing ideologies may demonstrate many of the same beliefs as a terrorist, the key differential is that terrorists believe in, and potentially pursue, the use of terrorist violence to further that ideology. It is only those with a terrorist intent that are considered in this Report.
15. On 16 May 2019, JTAC, MI5 and CTP began using new terminology separating out the Right-Wing Extremist ideologies that might provide justification for what was (then termed) Right-Wing Terrorism, into three broad categories.[2] The following are MI5 and CTP's definition and categorisation of ideologies that potential terrorists might adopt: as with Islamist terrorism there is no suggestion that all those who hold these views or subscribe to these ideologies have terrorist intent—this categorisation process is used as a means of assessing those who might be potential terrorists:
- 'Cultural Nationalism' is a belief that 'Western Culture' is under threat from mass migration into Europe and from a lack of integration by certain ethnic and cultural groups. The ideology tends to focus on the rejection of cultural practices such as the wearing of the burqa or the perceived rise of the use of sharia law. In the UK this has been closely associated with anti-Islam groups.
- 'White Nationalism' is a belief that mass migration from the 'non-white' world, and demographic change, poses an existential threat to the 'White Race' and 'Western Culture'. Advocates for some sort of 'White' homeland, either through partition of already existing countries, or by the (if necessary forced) repatriation of ethnic minorities. Much of this rhetoric is present in the 'Identitarian' movement.[3]
- 'White Supremacism' is a belief that the ‘White Race’ has certain inalienable physical and mental characteristics that makes it superior (with some variation) to other races. Often associated with conspiracy theories that explain the decline in 'white' political and social status over the last hundred years. This can also
- ↑ Written evidence—MI5 Quarterly Report, 1 January – 31 March 2019.
- ↑ JTAC paper, 16 May 2019.
- ↑ Identitarian groups such as Generation Identity stress the importance of protecting the 'white race', and advocate a 'white homeland' to be achieved by the 'repatriation' of people of colour. Brenton Tarrant, the Christchurch mosque attacker, named his 'manifesto' The Great Replacement' after a key theory advocated by Identitarians (among others), which maintains that white 'natives' in the West are being 'replaced' by non-white (usually Muslim) immigrants.
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