Darmstadt, Feb. 1654–1655 and July 1655; (6) to Dr Vlackveld of
Haarlem, May 1657. His letters to Hoffmann and Schlegel are on
the circulation; those to Morison, Horst and Vlackveld refer to
the discovery of the lacteals; the two to Nardi are short letters of
friendship. All these letters were published by Sir George Ent in
his collected works (Leiden, 1687). Of two MS. letters, one on
official business to the secretary Dorchester was printed by Dr
Aveling, with a facsimile of the crabbed handwriting (Memorials of
Harvey, 1875), and the other, about a patient, appears in Dr Robert
Willis’s Life of Harvey (1878). Praelectiones anatomiae universalis
per me Gul. Harveium medicum Londinensem, anat. et chir. professorem,
an. dom. (1616), aetat. 37,—MS. notes of his Lumleian lectures in
Latin,—are in the British Museum library; an autotype reproduction
was issued by the College of Physicians in 1886. An account of a
second MS. in the British Museum, entitled Gulielmus Harveius de
musculis, motu locali, &c., was published by Sir G. E. Paget (Notice
of an unpublished MS. of Harvey, London, 1850). The following
treatises, or notes towards them, were lost either in the pillaging
of Harvey’s house, or perhaps in the fire of London, which destroyed
the old College of Physicians: A Treatise on Respiration, promised
and probably at least in part completed (pp. 82, 550, ed. 1766);
Observationes de usu Lienis; Observationes de motu locali, perhaps
identical with the above-mentioned manuscript; Tractatum physiologicum;
Anatomia medicalis (apparently notes of morbid anatomy);
De generatione insectorum. The fine 4to edition of Harvey’s Works,
published by the Royal College of Physicians in 1766, was superintended
by Dr Mark Akenside; it contains the two treatises,
the account of the post-mortem examination of old Parr, and the
six letters enumerated above. A translation of this volume by Dr
Willis, with Harvey’s will, was published by the Sydenham Society,
8vo (London, 1849).
The following are the principal biographies of Harvey: in Aubrey’s Letters of Eminent Persons, &c., vol. ii. (London, 1813), first published in 1685, the only contemporary account; in Bayle’s Dictionnaire historique et critique (1698 and 1720; Eng. ed., 1738); in the Biographia Britannica, and in Aitken’s Biographical Memoirs; the Latin Life by Dr Thomas Lawrence, prefixed to the college edition of Harvey’s Works in 1766; memoir in Lives of British Physicians (London, 1830); a Life by Dr Robert Willis, founded on that by Lawrence, and prefixed to his English edition of Harvey in 1847; the much enlarged Life by the same author, published in 1878; the biography by Dr William Munk in the Roll of the College of Physicians, vol. i. (2nd ed., 1879).
The literature which has arisen on the great discovery of Harvey, on his methods and his merits, would fill a library. The most important contemporary writings have been mentioned above. The following list gives some of the most remarkable in modern times: the article in Bayle’s dictionary quoted above; Anatomical Lectures, by Wm. Hunter, M.D. (1784); Sprengell, Geschichte der Arzneikunde (Halle, 1800), vol. iv.; Flourens, Histoire de la circulation (1854); Lewes, Physiology of Common Life (1859), vol. i. pp. 291–345; Ceradini, La Scoperta della circolazione del sangue (Milan, 1876); Tollin, Die Entdeckung des Blutkreislaufs durch Michael Servet (Jena, 1876); Kirchner, Die Entdeckung des Blutkreislaufs (Berlin, 1878); Willis, in his Life of Harvey; Wharton Jones, “Lecture on the Circulation of the Blood,” Lancet for Oct. 25 and Nov. 1, 1879; and the various Harveian Orations, especially those by Sir E. Sieveking, Dr Guy and Professor George Rolleston. (P. H. P.-S.)
HARVEY, a city of Cook county, Illinois, U.S.A., about 18 m.
S. of the Chicago Court House. Pop. (1900) 5395 (982 foreign-born);
(1910) 7227. It is served by the Chicago Terminal Transfer,
the Grand Trunk and the Illinois Central railways. Harvey is
a manufacturing and residence suburb of Chicago. Among its
manufactures are railway, foundry and machine-shop supplies,
mining and ditching machinery, stone crushers, street-making
and street-cleaning machinery, stoves and motor-vehicles. It
was named in honour of Turlington W. Harvey, a Chicago
capitalist, founded in 1890, incorporated as a village in 1891
and chartered as a city in 1895.
HARWICH, a municipal borough and seaport in the Harwich
parliamentary division of Essex, England, on the extremity of
a small peninsula projecting into the estuary of the Stour and
Orwell, 70 m. N.E. by E. of London by the Great Eastern
railway. Pop. (1901), 10,070. It occupies an elevated situation,
and a wide view is obtained from Beacon Hill at the southern
end of the esplanade. The church of St Nicholas was built of
brick in 1821; and there are a town hall and a custom-house.
The harbour is one of the best on the east coast of England, and
in stormy weather is largely used for shelter. A breakwater
and sea-wall prevent the blocking of the harbour entrance and
encroachments of the sea; and there is another breakwater at
Landguard Point on the opposite (Suffolk) shore of the estuary.
The principal imports are grain and agricultural produce, timber
and coal, and the exports cement and fish. Harwich is one of
the principal English ports for continental passenger traffic,
steamers regularly serving the Hook of Holland, Amsterdam,
Rotterdam, Antwerp, Esbjerg, Copenhagen and Hamburg. The
continental trains of the Great Eastern railway run to Parkeston
Quay, 1 m. from Harwich up the Stour, where the passenger
steamers start. The fisheries are important, principally those
for shrimps and lobsters. There are cement and shipbuilding
works. The port is the headquarters of the Royal Harwich
Yacht Club. There are batteries at and opposite Harwich, and
modern works on Shotley Point, at the fork of the two estuaries.
There are also several of the Martello towers of the Napoleonic
era. At Landguard Fort there are important defence works with
heavy modern guns commanding the main channel. This has
been a point of coast defence since the time of James I. Between
the Parkeston Quay and Town railway stations is that of Dovercourt,
an adjoining parish and popular watering-place. Harwich
is under a mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors. Area, 1541
acres.
Harwich (Herewica, Herewyck) cannot be shown to have been inhabited very early, although in the 18th century remains of a camp, possibly Roman, existed there. Harwich formed part of the manor of Dovercourt. It became a borough in 1319 by a charter of Edward II., which was confirmed in 1342 and 1378, and by each of the Lancastrian kings. The exact nature and degree of its self-government is not clear. Harwich received charters in 1547, 1553 and 1560. In 1604 James I. gave it a charter which amounted to a new constitution, and from this charter begins the regular parliamentary representation. Two burgesses had attended parliament in 1343, but none had been summoned since. Until 1867 Harwich returned two members; it then lost one, and in 1885 it was merged in the county. Included in the manor of Dovercourt, Harwich from 1086 was for long held by the de Vere family. In 1252 Henry III. granted to Roger Bigod a market here every Tuesday, and a fair on Ascension day, and eight days after. In 1320 a grant occurs of a Tuesday market, but no fair is mentioned. James I. granted a Friday market, and two fairs, at the feast of St Philip and St James, and on St Luke’s day. The fair has died out, but markets are still held on Tuesday and Friday. Harwich has always had a considerable trade; in the 14th century merchants came even from Spain, and there was much trade in wheat and wool with Flanders. But the passenger traffic appears to have been as important at Harwich in the 14th century as it is now. Shipbuilding was a considerable industry at Harwich in the 17th century.
HARZBURG, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick,
beautifully situated in a deep and well-wooded vale at the north
foot of the Harz Mountains, at the terminus of the Brunswick-Harzburg
railway, 5 m. E.S.E. from Goslar and 18 m. S.
from Wolfenbüttel. Pop. (1905), 4396. The Radau, a mountain
stream, descending from the Brocken, waters the valley and adds
much to its picturesque charm. The town is much frequented
as a summer residence. It possesses brine and carbonated springs,
the Juliushall saline baths being about a mile to the south of
the town, and a hydropathic establishment. A mile and a half
south from the town lies the Burgberg, 1500 ft. above sea-level,
on whose summit, according to tradition, was once an altar to
the heathen idol Krodo, still to be seen in the Ulrich chapel at
Goslar. There are on the summit of the hill the remains of an
old castle, and a monument erected in 1875 to Prince Bismarck,
with an inscription taken from one of his speeches against
the Ultramontane claims of Rome—“Nach Canossa gehen
wir nicht.”
The castle on the Burgberg called the Harzburg is famous in German history. It was built between 1065 and 1069, but was laid in ruins by the Saxons in 1074; again it was built and again destroyed during the struggle between the emperor Henry IV. and the Saxons. By Frederick I. it was granted to Henry the Lion, who caused it to be rebuilt about 1180. It was a frequent residence of Otto IV., who died therein, and after being frequently besieged and taken, it passed to the house of
