LIGHTHOUSE
649
Table VI.—Electric Lighthouse Apparatus.
| Name. | Characteristic. | Period. | Duration of Flash. | Candle- power (Service Intensity). |
Focal Distance of Lens. | Ratio of Angular Breadth of Panel to Whole Circle. |
Current. | Voltage. | Carbons. | Electric Generators. | Lamps. | Engines. | Elevation above High Water. | Year Estab- lished. | Remarks. |
| Secs. | Secs. | Standard Candles. | mm. | Amps. | mm. | Feet. | |||||||||
| United Kingdom— | |||||||||||||||
| Souter Point (Durham) |
Single flash | 30 | 5 | Candle- power not officially deter- mined. |
500 | 1 : 8 | .. | 40 | 17 | Holmes machines, alternating (400 revs.) | Serrin | Steam | 150 | 1871 | Fixed light apparatus, with revolving vertical condensing lenses in eight panels. |
| South Foreland (Kent) |
Single flash | 2.5 | .35 | 700 | 1 : 16 | .. | 40 | 26 | do. | Serrin | Steam | 374 | 1904 | Lens elements only; 97° vertical angle. (This apparatus was in use at St Catherine’s, 1888 to 1904, and replaced the two fixed electric lights established in 1872.) | |
| Lizard (Cornwall) |
Single flash | 3 | .13 | 700 | 1 : 4 | 145 for 50 mm. carbons | 40 | 50 and 60 fluted | De Meritens alternators (600 revs.) | Modified Berjot-Serrin | Oil engines | 230 | 1903 | Mercury rotation; vertical angle, 139°. Replaced the two fixed electric lights erected in 1878. | |
| St Catherine’s (Isle of Wight) |
Single flash | 5 | .21 | 700 | 1 : 4 | 145 for 50 mm. carbons | 40 | 50 and 60 fluted | do. | do. | 2 Steam, each 50 h.p. | 136 | 1904 | Mercury rotation; vertical angle, 139°. | |
| Isle of May (Firth of Forth) |
4 flash | 30 | .4 | 700 (Fixed apparatus) | 1 : 8 | 220 | 40 | 40 | do. | Berjot-Serrin | Steam | 240 | 1886 | Fixed light apparatus, with revolving vertical condensing lenses. | |
| France— Dunkerque (Strait of Dover) |
2 flash | 10 | .2 to .4 | 3,500,000 to 6,500,000 | 300 | 1 : 12 | 30 and 60 | 45 | 14 and 18 | 2 De Meritens alternators, each of 5.5 k.w. (550 revs.) | Improved Serrin | 2 Semi-portable steam, each 30 i.h.p. | 193 | 1902 | Twelve panels in groups of two. (This apparatus was in use at Barfleur, 1893 to 1902.) |
| Calais (Strait of Dover) [Les Baleines (1882) similar] |
4 flash | 15 | .75 | 900,000 | 300 | 1 : 24 | 60 | 45 | 18 | do. | French Service pattern (1902) | do. | 190 | 1883 | Fixed light apparatus, with revolving vertical condensing prisms. |
| Cap Gris-nez (Strait of Dover) |
Single flash | 5 | .10 to .14 | 15,000,000 to 30,000,000 | 300 | 1 : 4 | 60 to 120 | 45 | 18 and 28 | do. | do. | Steam | 233 | 1899 | Twin optic, mercury rotation. (This light superseded a triple-flashing electric light, with intermediate red flash, of the Calais type, established in 1885. The first installation of the electric light at this station was in 1869.) |
| La Canche (Strait of Dover) |
2 flash | 10 | .10 to .14 | 15,000,000 to 30,000,000 | 300 | 1 : 4 | 30 to 60 | 45 | 14 and 18 | do. | do. | do. | 174 | 1900 | Twin optic, mercury rotation. (This light superseded a fixed electric light established in 1884.) |
| Cap de la Hève (Havre, English Channel) [Île d’Yeu in the Bay of Biscay (1895) similar] |
Single flash | 5 | .10 to .14 | 10,000,000 to 20,000,000 | 300 | 1 : 4 | 60 to 120 | 45 | 18 and 28 | De Meritens alternators (550 revs.) | Improved Serrin | do. | 397 | 1893 | Mercury rotation. (The first installation of electric light at this lighthouse was in 1863.) |
| Créac’h d’Ouessant (Ushant) [Barfleur (English Channel) 1903, La Coubre (Bay of Biscay) 1905, and Belle Île (Bay of Biscay) 1903, similar] |
2 flash | 10 | .10 to .14 | 15,000,000 to 30,000,000 | 300 | 1 : 4 | 60 to 120 | 45 | 18 and 28 | 2 De Meritens alternators, each of 5.5 k.w. (550 revs.) | French Service pattern (1902) | do. | 225 | 1901 | Twin optic, mercury rotation. (This light superseded a double-flashing electric light, similar to that now at Dunkerque, established in 1888.) |
| Penmarc’h (Phare d’Eckmühl) (Finistère) |
Single flash | 5 | .10 to .14 | 15,000,000 to 30,000,000 | 300 | 1 : 4 | 30 and 60 | 45 | 14 and 18 | Two-phase Labour alternators (810 to 820 revs.) | do. | do. | 197 | 1897 | Twin optic, mercury rotation. |
| Planier (near Marseilles) |
Single flash | 5 | .10 to .14 | 15,000,000 to 30,000,000 | 300 | 1 : 4 | 30 to 60 | 45 | 14 to 18 | De Meritens alternators (550 revs.) | do. | do. | 207 | 1902 | Twin optic, mercury rotation. (This light superseded an electric light established in 1881, showing a group of three white flashes separated by one red flash of the Calais type.) |
| Italy— Tino (Gulf of Spezia) |
3 flash | 30 | 1.25 | Undeter- mined. |
700 | 1 : 24 | 50 110 200 | 50 | 15 25 35 | do. (830 revs.) |
Berjot-Serrin | do. | 384 | 1885 | Eight panels of three lenses each, no mirror. |
| America— Navesink (Entrance to New York Bay) |
Single flash | 5 | .08 | About 60,000,000 | 700 | Nearly 1 : 2 | Max. 100 | 50 | 23 | Alternating dynamos (800 revs.) | Modified Serrin (Ciolina) | Oil, each 25 h.p. | 246 | 1898 | Mercury rotation. Bivalve of 165°. |
| Australia— Macquarie (Sydney, N.S.W.) |
Single flash | 60 | 8 | 5,000,000 | 920 | 1 : 16 | 55 110 | 50 | 15 25 | De Meritens alternators (600 revs.) | Serrin | Gas | 345 | 1883 | 16-panel revolving apparatus, with 180° fixed mirror. |
