OCEAN GROVE, a summer resort of Monmouth county, New Jersey, U.S.A., in the eastern part of the state, on the Atlantic coast, and 55 m. by rail S. of New York City. Pop. (1909), about 2500. It is served by the Pennsylvania and the Central of New Jersey railways. It is noted as a religious and musical seaside resort, and in July and August, and especially in the last ten days of August, during its annual camp-meeting, is visited by thousands of people. Ocean Grove was founded in 1869 by the Ocean Grove Camp-Meeting Association of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as a place for religious worship, rest and recreation, free from all forms of questionable amusement, and is governed under a corporation charter, the corporation having power to place restrictions in all leases.
OCEANIA, or Oceanica, a name used to cover all the islands of the Pacific Ocean (q.v.) which are included in the divisions of Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australasia, &c.
OCEANUS (Gr. Ὠκεανός), in Greek mythology, the greatest of rivers and at the same time a divine personification. Never mingling with the sea which it encloses, according to Homer it has neither source nor mouth. On its southern banks, from east to west, dwell the "blameless Aethiopians" in perfect happiness, and beyond it on the west, in the realms of eternal night, "Cimmerians," wrapped in fogs and darkness. Here are the grove of Persephone and the entrance of the underworld. Personified, Oceanus is in Hesiod (Theog. 133, 337–370) the son of Uranus and Gaea, the husband of Tethys, father of 3000 streams and 4000 ocean nymphs. In Homer he is the origin of all things, even the father of the gods, and the equal in rank of all of them save Zeus. This conception recurs in the theory of Thales, who made water the first principle of all things. The idea of Oceanus as a river flowing unceasingly round the earth, which was regarded as a flat circle, was of long continuance. Euripides was the first among the tragic poets to speak of it as a sea, but Herodotus before him ridiculed the notion of Oceanus as a river as an invention of the poets and described it as the great world sea. As the geographical knowledge of the Greeks extended, the name was applied to the outer sea (especially the Atlantic).
In art, Oceanus was represented as an old man of noble presence and benevolent expression, with the horns of an ox and sometimes crab's claws on his head. His attributes are a pitcher, cornucopiae ("horn of plenty"), rushes, marine animals and a sceptre. On the altar of Pergamum he is depicted taking part in the battle of giants.
Homer, Iliad, i. 423, xiv. 201, 245, xxi. 196: Odyssey, x. 508, xi. 14; Herodotus ii. 23, iv. 8; Euripides, Orestes, 1376; Caesar, Bell. Gall. iii. 7, iv. 10.
OCELLUS LUCANUS, a Pythagorean philosopher, born in Lucania in the 5th century B.C., perhaps a pupil of Pythagoras himself. Stobaeus (Ecl. Phys. i. 13) has preserved a fragment of his Περὶ νόμου (if he was really the author) in the Doric dialect, but the only one of his alleged works which is extant is a short treatise in four chapters in the Ionic dialect generally known as On the Nature of the Universe. Excerpts from this are given in Stobaeus (i. 20), but in Doric. It is certainly not authentic, and cannot be dated earlier than the 1st century B.C. It maintains the doctrine that the universe is uncreated and eternal; that to its three great divisions correspond the three kinds of beings—gods, men and daemons; and, finally, that the human race with all its institutions (the family, marriage and the like) must be eternal. It advocates an ascetic mode of life, with a view to the perfect reproduction of the race and its training in all that is noble and beautiful.
Editions of the Περὶ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς φύσεως, by A. F. Rudolph (1801, with commentary), and by F. W. Mullach in Fragmenta philosophorum graecorum, i. (1860); see also E. Zeller, History of Greek Philosophy, i. (Eng. trans.), and J. de Heyden-Zielewicz in Breslauer philologische Abhandlungen, viii. 3 (1901). There is an English translation (1831) by Thomas Taylor, the Platonist.
OCELOT (Mexican Flalocelotl, literally field-jaguar, from Flalli, field, and ocelotl, tiger, jaguar), an American member (Felix pardalis) of the family Felidae, ranging from Arkansas in the north to Paraguay. The species is subject to great racial variation. The fur has, however, a tawny yellow or reddish grey ground colour, marked with black spots, aggregated in streaks and blotches, or in elongated rings enclosing areas rather darker than the general ground-colour. In the typical form the total length may reach 4 ft.; the average measurement of the
Ocelot (Felis pardalis).
head and body lies between 26 in. and 33 in., and of the tail between 11 in. and 15 in. The ocelot is essentially a forest cat, and a ready climber; its disposition is said to be fierce and bloodthirsty but in confinement it becomes tame and playful. In Asia the group is represented by the Tibetan Felis tristis.
OCHAKOV, a fortified town and port of Russia, in the government of Kherson, 41 m. E. of Odessa, on a cape of the Black Sea, at the entrance to the estuary of the Dnieper, and opposite to Kinburn. Pop. (1897), 10,784. Strong fortifications have been built at Ochakov and on the Kinburn promontory, to protect the entrance to the Dnieper. Ochakov stands close to the site of the old Miletan (Greek) colony of Olvia and the Greek colony of Alektor. The fortress of Kara-kerman or Ozu-kaleh was built on this spot by the khan of the Crimea, Mengli Girai, in 1492. At a later date it became the centre of a Turkish province which included Khaji-dereh (Ovidiopol), Khaji-bey (Odessa), and Dubossary, as well as some 150 villages. Russia, regarding it as the main obstacle to the possession of the Black Sea littoral, besieged it in 1737, when it was captured by Marshal Münnich, but in the following year it was abandoned, and in 1739 restored to Turkey. The second siege by Russia was begun in 1788, and lasted six months, until the fortress was stormed and taken, after a terrible loss of life. By the peace of 1791 it became Russian. In 1855 it was bombarded by the Anglo-French fleet, and after that the Russians demolished the fortifications.
OCHILTREE, a barony in the county of Ayr, Scotland, from which a title in the Scottish peerage was held in the 16th and 17th centuries by a branch of the house of Stewart. Sir Andrew Stewart (d. 1488), chancellor of Scotland, a great-grandson of the regent Albany (d. 1420), was created Baron Avandale or Avondale about 1457. This peerage became extinct at his death, but was revived about 1499 in favour of his nephew and heir Andrew Stewart, who, being killed at the battle of Flodden in 1513, was succeeded by his son Andrew, 2nd Baron Avandale of this creation; and the latter obtained an act of parliament in 1543 empowering him to exchange the title of Lord Avandale for that of Lord Ochiltree, or Lord Stewart of Ochiltree. His son, Andrew, 2nd Lord Ochiltree (d. c. 1000), was a zealous supporter of the lords of the congregation, and especially of John Knox, in the struggle against Mary queen of Scots, and was wounded at the battle of Langside while fighting against the queen. Of his five sons, William was slain by the earl of
