plaving to this card, the younger hand reckons all that he has good, stating of w hat cards h1s claims are composed, or showing the tards claimed for. The elder hand leads any card he pleases; the younger plays to it. The younger hand must follow suit if able, otherwise he may play any card he thinks fit. It is not compulsory to win the trick The leader counts one for each card led, whether it wins the trick or not. If the second pla er wins the trick he also counts one. The w1nner of the last trick counts an additional one for the last card The tr1cks are left face upwards 1n front of the player who wins them. They may be examined bv either plaver
lf each pla er wins six tricks the cards are “ divided, " and there 1S no further scoxe. If one player wins more than six tricks he wins “the cards, " and adds ten to h1s score. If one player wins every tr1ck, he wins a capot and scores forty for the cards, instead of ten
During the play of the hand, a player is entitled to be informed as to anv cards his adversary holds which he has reckoned as good, or has declared to be equal A player may require his adversary to exhibit any such cards. But 1f a player, having played three cards of a sixieme, declared as a quint, is asked how many he has left, he need only reply “ Two.”
During the progress of the hand each player repeats aloud the amount of his score for the t1me being. At the end of the hand the po1nts scored are recorded by each player. If there is a difference in the w r1tten scores, a player's score of his own hand deemed to be the correct one.
Example -A (elder hand) has dealt him ace, king, knave spades, ace, queen, knave, eight of hearts; knave, eight, seven clubs, and n1ne, eight of diamonds. He discards king of spades; eight, seven of clubs; and nine, eight of diamonds. He takes in nine, eight of spades; king of hearts; nine of clubs; and king of diamonds
B (younger hand) has ten, seven of spades; ten, nine, seven of hearts, king, queen, ten of clubs; and ace, queen, knave, ten of diamonds Ile discards seven of spades; and n1ne, seven of hearts. He takes in queen of spades; ace of clubs; and seven of diamonds. The hand then proceeds thus. A (calling his point) “ five cards." B sas ' equal, " or “ what do they make?"
A “ forty-nine, " or “ making nine " B “ good." A (counting his point) “ five ” and, counting his sequence, which IS good) “ a quart major, nine. Three knaves7” B “ not good." (leads ace of hearts and says) “ ten ” B “ four tens, ourteen, and three queens, seventeen ” (plays the ten of hearts). A (leads the remaining hearts and says) “ eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen " B (plays seven, ten, knave, queen of diamonds, and repeating his score says) “ seventeen.”
A has now five tricks, and in order to win the cards should lead any card but a high spade He leads king of dianionds, and says “ fifteen.” B (wins with ace and says) “ eighteen" (and then leads the winning clubs, saying) “ nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty two." A (keeps ace, knave of clubs, and repeating his score says) “ fifteen ' B (leads queen of spades and says) “ twenty-three.” A (wins with ace and says) “ sixteen " (and leads knave, saying) “eighteen " (and adding ten for the cards) “ twenty-e1ght.” A then writes on h1s scoring card 28; 23. B wr1tes on his 23; 28. The pack 1S collected, and the next hand commences. Three scores (omitted in order to simplify the description of the game) have yet to be mentioned
Carte Blanche -If either player has no king, queen or knave in the hand dealt him, he holds carte blanche, for which he scores ten As soon as a player discovers he has a carte blanche, he must tell his adersar; this he usually does by saying “ discard for:arte blanche ” Tshe adverse discard IS then made (as explained under discarding), after which the carte blanche is shown by dealing the cards, face upwards on the table; they are then taken back into the hand
Pique.—If the elder hand scores, in hand and play, thirty or more, before the younger hand counts anything in that deal, he gains a pique, for which he scores thirty.
Rcptque -If a player scores in hand alone thirty or more before his adversary reckons anything, he gains a repique, for which he adds sixty to his score Equalities do not prevent p1ques or repiques. A player who has an equal point or sequence scores nothing for it. Therefore if, notwithstanding the equality, a player makes thirty, ln hand and play, or in hand, by scores which reckon in order before anything his adversary can count, he gains a pique or a replique
he order in which the scores accrue is of importance. For the sake of convenience, the elder hand finishes his reckoning before the younger begins The scores, however, whether made by the elder or younger hand are recordable in the following order: (1) carte blanche, (2) point; (3) sequences; (4) quatorzes and trios; (R) points made in play; (6) the cards This will often affect a pique or repxque Thus, a pique can only be made by the elder hand, as the one he reckons in play when he leads his first card tounts before points subsequently made in play by the vounger hand The younger, therefore, cannot make thirty in hand and play before the elder scores one But the one reckoned by the Hy of of elder hand when he leads his first card does not prevent his being repiqued, because scores made in hand have precedence of points made 1n play. The elder leads h1s first card and counts lor It before the younger reckons, simply as a convenient way of stating that he has nothing in hand which is good. Again, say A has a quint (good), a t1erce, and a quatorze (good) He scores thirty-two in hand alone; but, if his po1nt 1S not good, he does not gain a repique, because the younger l1and's point 15 recordable in order before the sequences and quatorzc Carte blanche, taking precedence of all other scores, saves piques and repiques. It also counts towards p1ques and repiques. A capot does not count towards a pique, as the capot 1S not made in lplay. It is added after the play of the hand is over. A player w1o reckons nothing that hand as a penalty is not piqued or repiqued if he holds any cards which, but for the penalty, would have reckoned before h1s adversary reached thirty.
See “Cavend1sh, " The Laws of Piguet and of Rubicon Piguet, adopted by the Portland Club, with a Treatise on the Game (1882); “ Cavendish, ” Guide to Piguet (1898).
PIRAM, or PERIM, an island in the Gulf of Cambay, forming part of Ahmadabad district, Bombay. Formerly notor;o1=s
as the stronghold of a pirate chieftain, it has attained fame
among palaeontologists for the large quantity of fossil remains
discovered here in 1836, similar to the better-known Siwalik
fauna.
PIRANESI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, Italian engraver of ancient
architectural subjects. was born in the earlier half of the 18th
century, and studied his art at Rome. The great remains of
that city kindled his enthusiasm and demanded portrayal.
His hand faithfully imitated the actual remains of a fabric;
his invention, catching the design of the original architect,
supplied the parts that were wanting; his skill introduced groups
of vases, altars, tombs; and his broad and scientific distribution
of light and shade completed the picture, and threw a striking
effect over the whole. One engraving after another was executed
with much brilliancy; and, as the work went on, the zeal of
the artist only waxed stronger. In course of time it was found
necessary to call in the aid of all his children and of several
pupils. He did not, in fact, slacken in his exertions till his
death in 1778.
The plates of Piranesi, in which the severity of burin work is largely supplemented by the freer lines of the etching-needle, were collected and preserved by his son and coadjutor Francesco. They were published, to the number of about 2000, in 29 vols. fol. (Paris, 1835–1837).
PIRANO, a seaport of Austria, in Istria, 22 m. S.W. of Trieste by rail. Pop. (1900), 13,339, mostly Italians. In addition to viticulture and the cultivation of the olive, its principal resources are ship-building and fishing. In the neighbourhood are the most extensive works in Istria for the extraction of salt from the
sea-water, which produce about 50,000 tons of salt annually. Pirano is celebrated for the victory of the Venetians over the
fleet of the emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1177. It passed
under the domination of Venice in 1283 and became definitely
incorporated with Austria, together with the other possessions of
Venice in the Istrian Peninsula, in 1813.
PIRATE and PIRACY. Sir Edward Coke (Instit. iii. 113)
describes a pirate (Lat. pirata, from Gr. πειρατής, πειρᾱν, to
attempt or attack), as hostis humani generis and as a robber
upon the sea. Sir J. Fitzjames Stephen in his Digest of Criminal
Law defined piracy as follows: “ Taking a ship on the High Seas
or within the jurisdiction of the Lord High Admiral from the
possession or control of those who are lawfully entitled to it
and carrying away the ship itself or any of its goods, tackle,
apparel or furniture under circumstances which would have
amounted to robbery if the act had been done within the body
of an English county ” (cf. A. G. for Hong-Kong v. Kwok-a-Sing,
1873, L.R. 5 P.C. 179). Piracy, being a crime not against
any particular state but against all mankind, may be punished
in the competent court of any country where the offender may
be found or into which he may be carried. But, whilst the
practice of nations gives to every one the right to pursue and
exterminate pirates without any previous declaration of war
(pirates holding no commission or delegated authority from any
sovereign or state), it is not allowed to kill them without trial
except in battle. Those who surrender or are taken prisoners
