Cold Feet.—Any excuse of a winner for leaving the game before the time agreed upon.
Deadwood.—The discard pile.
Deck.—Pack.
Fatten.—Adding chips and a jack-pot after a failure to open.
Freeze Out.—A game in which a player having lost a certain agreed capital must stop playing.
Inside Straight.—Intermediate straight, e.g. 2, 3, 5, 6.
Killer.—Hand with no pair and no card above the nine; seldom played.
Kitty.—A fund, to pay for cards or refreshments, made by taking a chip from each jack-pot, or paid by a winner holding a valuable hand.
Little Dog.—Deuce low and seven high; not usually played. When played it beats a straight.
Milking.—Shuffiing by taking a card from the top and one from the bottom of the pack with the same movement.
Mistigris.—Poker with the joker added; the joker may be called any card the holder chooses.
Monkey Flush.—Three cards of a flush.
Natural Jacks.—Jack-pots played because there has been no ante in the previous deal.
Openers.—A hand on which a jack-pot may be opened.
Pal Hand.—A hand to which no card is drawn.
Pool.—The chips in the middle of the table.
Show-down.—Laying the hands face-up on the table after a call.
Show.—Part of a pool to which a player is entitled who has bet, as long as his capital lasted but is not able to stand further raises. If his hand is the best he wins whatever was in the pool at the time when he put into it the last of his capital.
Shy.—Not having put up the jack-pot ante.
Spilling.—Having opened a jack-pot with one pair, and holding four other cards of one suit, to throw away one of the pair on the chance of making a flush.
Sweeten.—Chipping to a jack-pot after a failure to open.
Triplets.—Three of a kind.
Under the Gun.—The first player to bet.
Whangdoodle.—Compulsory round of jack-pots, usually agreed upon to follow a very large hand.
Widow.—An extra hand dealt to the table, as in Whiskey-Poker.
See Practical-Poker, by R. F. Foster (1904), the most authoritative work.
A very important attribute of a successful poker player is sound judgment in discarding, and this is principally based on the following mathematical table of approximate chances.
To improve any hand in the draw, the chances are:—
| Having in Hand | To make the Hand below. | The Chance is |
| 1 pair | To get two pairs (3-card draw) | 1 in 412 |
| 1 pair | To get three of a kind (3-card draw) | 1 in 9 |
| 1 pair | To improve either way average value | 1 in 3 |
| 1 pair and 1 odd card | To improve either way by drawing two cards | 1 in 7 |
| 2 pairs | To get a full hand drawing one card | 1 in 12 |
| 3's | To get a full hand drawing two cards | 1 in 1512 |
| 3's | To get four of a kind drawing two cards | 1 in 2312 |
| 3's | To improve either way by drawing two cards | 1 in 925 |
| 3's and 1 odd card | To get a full hand by drawing one card | 1 in 1513 |
| 3's and 1 odd card | To improve either way by drawing one card | 1 in 11 34 |
| 4 straight | To fill when open at one end only or in middle as 3, 4, 6, 7 or A, 2, 3, 4 |
1 in 11 34 |
| 4 straight | To fill when both ends open as 3, 4, 5, 6 | 1 in 6 |
| 4 flush | To fill the flush drawing one card | 1 in 5 |
| 4 straight flush | To fill the straight flush drawing one card | 1 in 2312 |
| 3-card flush | To make a flush drawing two cards | 1 in 24 |
Of course these chances are somewhat improved by the fact that, in actual play, pairs and threes are, on account of careless shuffling, apt to lie together more or less.
POLA (Gr Πόλα or Πόλαι, Slovene, Pulj), a seaport of Austria, in Istria, 86 m. S. of Trieste by rail. Pop. (1900), 45,052. It is the principal naval harbour and arsenal of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and is situated near the southern extremity of the peninsula of Istria. It lies at the head of the Bay of Pola, and possesses a safe and commodious harbour almost completely landlocked. An extensive system of fortifications, constructed on the hills, which enclose the harbour, defends its entrance, while it also possesses a good roadstead in the large channel of Fasana. This channel separates the mainland from the Brionian Islands, which dominate the entrance to the bay. The harbour has an area of 3·32 sq. m., and is divided into two basins by a chain of three small islands. The inner basin is subdivided by the large Olive Island into the naval harbour, lying to
the south, and the commercial harbour, lying to the north. The Olive Island is connected with the coast by a chain-bridge, and is provided with wharfs and dry and floating docks. The town proper lies opposite the Olive Island, round the base of a hill formerly crowned by the Roman capitol and now by a castle from the 17th century. Besides the castle the chief buildings are the cathedral, dating from the 15th century; the new garrison church, completed in 1898 in the Basilica style, with a line marble façade; the Franciscan convent dating from the 13th century, and now used as a military magazine; the huge infantry barracks; and the town-hall, dating from the beginning
of the 14th century. To the south-west, along the coast, extends the marine arsenal, a vast and well-planned establishment possessing all the requisites for the equipment of a large fleet. It contains an interesting naval museum, and is supplemented by the docks and wharves of the Scoglio Olivi. The artillery laboratory and the powder magazine are on the north bank of the harbour. Behind the arsenal lies the suburb of San Policarpo, almost exclusively occupied by the naval population and containing large naval barracks and hospitals. In the middle of it is a pleasant park, with a handsome monument to the emperor Maximilian of Mexico, who had been a rear-admiral in the Austrian navy. To the north, between San Policarpo and the town proper, rises the Monte Zaro, surmounted by an observatory and a
statue of Admiral Tegetthoff. Pola has no manufactures outside of its naval stores, but its shipping trade is now considerable, the exports consisting of fish, timber and quartz, sand used in making Venetian glass, and the imports of manufactured and colonial wares. To many people, however, the chief interest of Pola centres in its fine Roman remains The most extensive of these is the amphitheatre built in A.D. 198–211 in honour of the emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla, which is 79 ft. high, 400 ft. long and 320 ft. wide, and which could accommodate 20,000 spectators. It is remarkable as the only Roman amphitheatre of which the outer walls have been preserved intact; the interior, however, is now completely bare—though the
arrangements for the naumachiae, or naval contests, can still be traced. The oldest Roman relic is the fine triumphal arch of the Sergii in the Corinthian style, erected soon aftef the battle of Actium; and of not much later date is the elegant and well-preserved temple of Augustus and Roma
erected in the year 19 B.C. Among the other antiquities are three of the old town gates and a fragment of a temple of Diana.
The foundation of Pola is usually carried back to the mythic period, and ascribed to the Colchian pursuers of Jason and the Argonauts. In all probability it was a Thracian colony, but its verifiable history begins with its capture by the Romans in 178 B.C. It was destroyed by Augustus on account of its espousal of the cause of Pompey, but was rebuilt on the intercession of his daughter Julia, and received (according to Pliny) the name of Pietas Julia. It became a Roman colony either
