with six others being imprisoned for life. The ten who were executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn, London, in October 1660, were Thomas Harrison, John Jones, Adrian Scrope, John Carew, Thomas Scot, and Gregory Clement, who had signed the death-warrant; the preacher Hugh Peters; Francis Hacker and Daniel Axtel, who commanded the soldiers at the trial and the execution of the king; and John Cook, the solicitor who directed the prosecution. In January 1661 the bodies of Cromwell, Ireton, and Bradshaw were exhumed and hanged at Tyburn, but Pride's does not appear to have been treated in this way. Of the nineteen or twenty regicides who had escaped and were living abroad, three, Sir John Barkstead, John Okey and Miles Corbet, were arrested in Holland and executed in London in April 1662; and one, John Lisle, was murdered at Lausanne. The last survivor of the regicides was probably Edmund Ludlow, who died at Vevey in 1692.
Ludlow's Memoirs, edited by C. H. Firth (Oxford, 1894), give interesting details about the regicides in exile. See also D. Masson, Life of Milton, vol. vi. (1880), and M. Noble, Lives of the English Regicides (1798). (A. W. H.*)
REGILLUS, an ancient lake of Latium, Italy, famous in the
legendary history of Rome as the lake in the neighbourhood
of which occurred (496 B.C.) the battle which finally decided the
hegemony of Rome in Latium. During the battle, so runs the
story, the dictator Postumius vowed a temple to Castor and
Pollux, who were specially venerated in Tusculum, the chief
city of the Latins (it being a Roman usage to invoke the aid of
the gods of the enemy), who appeared during the battle, and
brought the news of the victory to Rome, watering their horses
at the spring of Juturna, close to which their temple in the
Forum was erected. There can be little doubt that the lake
actually existed. Of the various identifications proposed, the
best is that of Nibby, who finds it in a now dry crater lake
(Pantano Secco), drained by an emissarium, the date of which
is uncertain, some 2 m. N. of Frascati. Along the south bank
of the lake, at some 30 or 40 ft. above the present bottom, ran
the aqueducts of the Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus. Most of
the other sites proposed are not, as Regillus should be, within
the limits of the territory of Tusculum.
See T. Ashby in Rendiconti dei Lincei (1898), 103 sqq., and Classical Review, 1898.
(T. As.)
REGIMENT (from Late Latin regimentum, rule, regere, to rule,
govern, direct), originally government, command or authority
exercised over others, or the office of a ruler or sovereign; in this
sense the word was common in the 16th century. The most
familiar instance is the title of the tract of John Knox, the
First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women.
The term as applied to a large body of troops dates from the
French army of the 16th century. In the first instance it
implied “command,” as nowadays we speak of “General A's
command,” meaning the whole number of troops under his
command. The early regiments had no similarity in strength
or organization, except that each was under one commander.
With the regularization of armies the commands of all such
superior officers were gradually reduced to uniformity, and a
regiment came to be definitely a colonel's command. In the
British infantry the term has no tactical significance, as the
number of battalions in a regiment is variable, and one at least
is theoretically abroad at all times, while the reserve or territorial
battalions serve under a different code to that governing
the regular battalions. The whole corps of Royal Artillery
is called “the Royal Regiment of Artillery.” In the cavalry
a regiment is tactically as well as administratively a unit of four
squadrons. On the continent of Europe the regiment of infantry
is always together under the command of its colonel, and consists
of three or four battalions under majors or lieutenant-colonels.
REGINA, the capital city of the province of Saskatchewan,
Canada, situated at 104° 36′ W. and 50° 27′ N., and 357 m. W.
of Winnipeg. Pop. (1907) 9804. After the Canadian Pacific
railway was completed in 1885, the necessity for a place of
government on the railway line pressed itself upon the Dominion
government. The North-West Territories were but little
settled then, but a central position on the prairies was necessary,
where the mounted police might be stationed and where the
numerous Indian bands might be easily reached. The minister
of the interior at Ottawa, afterwards Governor Dewdney, chose
this spot, and for a number of years Regina was the seat of the
Territorial government. The governor took up his abode on the
adjoining plain, and the North-West Council met each year,
with a show of constitutional government about it. On the
formation of the province of Saskatchewan in 1905 the choice
of capital was left to the first legislature of the province. Prince
Albert, Moose Jaw and Saskatoon all advanced claims, but
Regina was decided on as the capital. It probably doubled
in population between 1905 and 1907. Its public buildings,
churches and residences are worthy of a place of greater pretensions.
It is the centre for a rich agricultural district, and
for legislation, education, law and other public benefits. It
remains the headquarters of the mounted police for the western
provinces, and near it is an Indian industrial school of some
note.
REGINON, or Regino of Prüm, medieval chronicler, was
born at Altripp near Spires, and was educated in the monastery
of Prüm. Here he became a monk, and in 892, just after the
monastery had been sacked by the Danes, he was chosen abbot.
In 899, however, he was deprived of this position and he went
to Trier, where he was appointed abbot of St Martin's, a house
which he reformed. He died in.915, and was buried in the abbey
of St Maximin at Trier, his tomb being discovered there in 1581.
Reginon wrote a Chronicon, dedicated to Adalberon, bishop of Augsburg (d. 909), which deals with the history of the world from the commencement of the Christian era to 906, especially the history of affairs in Lorraine and the neighbourhood. The first book (to 741) consists mainly of extracts from Bede, Paulus Diaconus and other writers; of the second book (741–906) the latter part is original and valuable, although the chronology is at fault and the author relied chiefly upon tradition and hearsay for his information. The work was continued to 967 by a monk of Trier, possibly Adalbert, archbishop of Magdeburg (d. 981). The chronicle was first published at Mainz in 1521; another edition is in Band I. of the Monumenta Germaniae historica. Scriptores (1826); the best is the one edited by F. Kurze (Hanover, 1890). It has been translated into German by W. Wattenbach (Leipzig, 1890). Reginon also drew up at the request of his friend and patron Radbod, archbishop of Trier (d. 915), a collection of canons, Libri duo de synodalibus causis et disciplinis ecclesiasticis, dedicated to Hatto I., archbishop of Mainz; this is published in Tome 132 of J. P. Migne's Patrologia Latina. To Radbod he wrote a letter on music, Epistola de harmonica institutione, with a Tonarius, the object of this being to improve the singing in the churches of the diocese. The letter is published in Tome I. of Gerbert's Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra (1784), and the Tonarius in Tome II. of Coussemaker's Scriptures de musica medii aevi. See also H. Ermisch, Die Chronik des Regino bis 813 (Gottingen, 1872); P. Schulz, Die Glaubwurdigkeit des Abtes Regino von Prüm (Hamburg, 1894); C. Wawra,De Reginone Prumensis (Breslau, 1901); A. Molinier, Les Sources de l'histoire de France, Tome I. (1901); and W. Wattenbach, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen, Band I. 1904).
REGIOMONTANUS (1436–1476), German astronomer, was
born at Königsberg in Franconia on the 6th of June 1436. The
son of a miller, his name originally was Johann Müller, but he
called himself, from his birthplace, Joh. de Monteregio, an
appellation which became gradually modified into Regiomontanus.
At Vienna, from 1452, he was the pupil and associate of George
Purbach (1423–1461), and they jointly undertook a reform of
astronomy rendered necessary by the errors they detected in
the Alphonsine Tables. In this they were much hindered by
the lack of correct translations of Ptolemy's works; and in
1462 Regiomontanus accompanied Cardinal Bessarion to Italy
in search of authentic manuscripts. He rapidly mastered Greek
at Rome and Ferrara, lectured on Alfraganus at Padua, and
completed at Venice in 1463 Purbach's Epitome in Cl. Ptolemaei
magnam compositionem (printed at Venice in 1496), and his own
De Triangulis (Nuremberg, 1533), the earliest work treating
of trigonometry as a substantive science. A quarrel with
George of Trebizond, the blunders in whose translation of the
Almagest he had pointed out, obliged him to quit Rome
precipitately in 1468. He repaired to Vienna, and was thence
summoned to Buda by Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, for
the purpose of collating Greek manuscripts at a handsome
salary. He also finished his Tabulae Directionum (Nuremberg,
1475), essentially an astrological work, but containing a valuable
table of tangents. An outbreak of war, meanwhile, diverted
