and then was united to form one municipality with Saarbrücken and Malstatt-Burbach (united population, 90,000).
SANKT PÖLTEN, an old town and episcopal see of Austria,
in Lower Austria, 38 m. W. of Vienna by rail. Pop. (1900)
14, 510. It is situated on the Traisen, a tributary of the Danube,
and contains an interesting old abbey church, founded in 1030
and restored in 1266 and again at the beginning of the 18th
century. There are several religious educational institutions in
the town, and a military academy for engineers. The industries
include cotton spinning and milling, as Well as the manufacture
of iron and hardware, and small arms. Sankt Pölten was an
inhabited place in the Roman period. An abbey dedicated
to St Hippolytus was founded here in the 9th century, around
which the town developed. It was called Fanum Sancti Hippolyti,
from which, by corruption, the actual name is derived. It
was surrounded with walls and fortifications in the time of
Rudolf of Habsburg, but these were demolished in modern
times.
See Lampel, Urkundenbuch des Chorherrenstifts Sankt Pölten (Wien, 1891–1901, 2 vols.).
SAN LUCAR (or Sanlúcar de Barrameda), a fortified seaport of southern Spain, in the province of Cadiz; 27 m. by sea from Cadiz, on the left bank of the Guadalquivir estuary, and on the Puerto de Santa Maria-San Lucar and Jerez de la Frontera-Bonanza railways. Pop. (1900) 23,883. The town is divided into two parts, Alta (“upper”) and Baja (“lower”); for it is built partly on the fiat foreshore, partly on the rising ground to the south. The upper part is the older; it culminates in the ruins of a Moorish citadel. On the outskirts are many villas surrounded by pine, palm and orange groves, and often occupied in summer by families from Seville, who come to San Lucar for the excellent sea-bathing. The 14th-century church and the palace of the dukes of Medina Sidonia contain many valuable pictures. The hospital of St George was established by Henry VIII. of England in 1517 for English sailors. The Guadalquivir estuary is deep and sheltered, and lighted by four lighthouses. Bonanza, 2 m. by rail up the river, and on the same bank, is the headquarters of the shipping and fishing trades. It is named after a chapel dedicated here by the South American Company of Seville to the Virgin of Fair Weather (Virgen de la Bonanza). The fisheries and agricultural trade of San Lucar are considerable; there are flour mills in the town and a dynamite factory among the surrounding sand hills. Coal is imported from Great Britain, sulphur from France. The imports include sherry, manzanilla and other wines, salt, oats and fruit.
Inscriptions and ruins prove that San Lucar and Bonanza were Roman settlements, though the original names are unknown. San Lucar was captured from the Moors in 1264, after an occupation lasting more than five and a half centuries. After 1492 it became an important centre of trade with America. From this port Columbus sailed across the Atlantic in 1498, and Magellan started in 1519 to circumnavigate the world.
SAN LUIS, a province of Argentina, bounded N. by Rioja, E.
by Cordoba, S. by the La Pampa territory and W. by Mendoza.
Area, 28,535 sq. m. Pop. (1904, estimated) 97,458. San Luis
belongs partly to the semi-arid pampa region, and partly to the
mountainous region of the eastern Andes and Cordoba whose
ranges terminate between the 33rd and 34th parallels. It is
one of the least important of the Argentine provinces because
of its aridity and lack of available resources. The rough northern
districts, where an occasional stream affords irrigation for a
fertile soil, are noted for a remarkably uniform, dry, mild and
healthful climate. The Rio Quinto has its sources in these
ranges; the Desaguadero, or Salado, forms its western boundary;
and the Conlara flows northward among its broken ranges to the
great salinas of western Cordoba. Only in the mountains are
these streams available, as they soon become impregnated with
saline matter on the plains. The southern part of the province
is a great, arid, saline plain, practically uninhabitable. Agriculture
and grazing occupy some attention in the north, but are
handicapped by lack of water. The mountains are rich in
minerals, however, and a number of gold mines have been
opened. The exports include cattle, hides, skins, wool and
ostrich feathers. The capital is San Luis (pop. 1904, about
10,500) on the Arroyo Chorillos, a little S. of the cerro called
Punta de los Venados, 374 m. by rail (the Argentine Great
Western) W. of Rosario, and magnificently situated on a plateau
2490 ft. above sea-level. Next in importance is the town of
Mercedes or Villa Mercedes (pop. 1904, about 6000) on the Rio
Quinto, an important railway junction where the railways
from Buenos Aires, Rosario, Mendoza and San José unite.
San Luis, the capital, was founded in 1697 by Martin de Loyola and was for nearly 200 years only a frontier outpost. It suffered much in the civil wars of 1831–1865.
SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, a central state of Mexico, bounded N. by
Coahuila, E. by Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas and Vera Cruz, S. by
Hidalgo, Querétaro and Guanajuato, and W. by Zacatecas.
Area, 25,316 sq. m. Pop. (1900) 575,432. The state belongs
wholly to the high plateau region, with the exception of a
small area in the S.E. angle, where the tableland breaks down
into the tropical valley of the Panuco. The surface is comparatively
level, with some low mountainous wooded ridges. The
eastern part borders on the Sierra Madre Oriental, where there
are extensive forests. The mean elevation is about 6000 ft.,
insuring a temperate climate. The state lies partly within the
arid zone of the north, the southern half receiving a more liberal
rainfall through the influence of the “northers” on the Gulf
coast. The rainfall, however, is uncertain and the state is poorly
provided with rivers. The soil is fertile and in favourable
seasons large crops of wheat, Indian corn, beans, and cotton are
grown on the uplands. In the low tropical valleys, sugar,
coffee, tobacco, peppers and fruit are staple products. Stock-raising
is an important industry and hides, tallow and wool are
exported. Fine cabinet and construction woods are also exported
to a limited extent. At one time San Luis Potosí ranked among
the leading mining provinces of Mexico, but the disorders
following independence resulted in a great decline in that
industry. The Catorce district has some of the richest silver
mines in the country. Other Well-known silver mining districts
are Peñón Blanco, Ramos and Guadalcázar. The development
of Guadalcazar dates from 1620 and its ores yield gold, copper,
zinc and bismuth, as well as silver. In the Ramos district, the
Cocinera lode is said to have a total yield of over $60,000,000.
Railway facilities are provided by the Mexican Central and
Mexican National lines, the former crossing a corner of the state
and having a branch from the capital to Tampico, and the latter
passing through the state from N. to S. The capital is San Luis
Potosí , and other towns, with their populations, are: Matehuala.
(13,101 in 1895), a mining town 20 m. E. by W. of Catorce, with
which it is connected by a branch railway; Catorce (9547 in
1895), an important mining town 110 m. N. (direct) of San Luis
Potosí (capital) and 8 m. from its railway station on the Mexican
National; at an elevation of 8780 ft., Santa Maria del Rio
(8440 in 1900), 37 m. S.E. of the capital; Venado (5750 in 1895),
45 m. N. of the capital; Rio Verde (5759 in 1900), an agricultural
centre with a national agriculture experiment station in its
vicinity; Soledad Diez Gutierrez (5730 in 1895), near the
capital.
SAN LUIS POTOSÍ, a city of Mexico and capital of a state of
the same name, near the head of the valley of the Rio Verde
(a tributary of the Panuco), 215 m. by rail N.W. of the city of
Mexico. Pop. (1900) 61,019. The city is served by the Mexican
Central and the Mexican National railways. It is built on
a broad level space, laid out regularly with straight well-paved
streets and shady plazas. The altitude of the city, 6168 ft.
above sea-level, gives it a cool temperate climate, though the
sun temperatures are high. The water-supply was formerly
very deficient, but two artesian wells have been drilled to a
depth of 450 ft. and furnish 30,000 gallons a day each, in addition
to which a large dam 3 m. above the city has been built, having
a storage capacity of 7,500,000 cubic meters (1,650,000,000
gallons), or 18 months’ supply, which is used for irrigation and
domestic purposes. The better class of residences are usually
