↑
Year of the highest values of wools ever reached within recent times.
↑ 2.02.1
Years of the lowest values of wools ever reached within recent times.
Summary of Woollen and Worsted Factories and of Persons employed in the same in the United Kingdom.
1867.
1874.
1885.
1889.
1901.
1904.
Factories
Rag grinding machines
Woollen carding sets
Worsted combing machines
Spinning spindles
Doubling spindles
Power looms
Children (half timers)
Persons working full time—
Males
Females
2,649
1,038
6,455,879
519,629
118,875
33,054
94,838
134,368
2,617
1,276
5,449,495
558,914
140,274
38,416
106,005
135,712
2,751
5,375,102
769,492
139,902
24,636
112,935
145,684
2,517
5,604,535
969,812
131,506
22,940
120,441
158,175
7,475
102,876
149,558
2,382
900
6,700
2,924
5,625,477
1,059,049
104,514
Summary of Exports of Wool, Wool Waste, Noils, Tops, Yarns and Fabrics from the United Kingdom.
1840.
1882.
1890.
1900.
1907.
℔
℔
℔
℔
℔
British Wool
Foreign and Colonial
Waste
Noils
Tops
Worsted Yarn
Mohair, &c., Yarn
Woollen Yarn
Cloths
Apparel
5,000,000
2,000,000
13,800,000
264,100,000
29,840,300
8,752,200
1,992,400
£18,768,634
£1,380,000
19,500,000
342,200,000
2,397,600
10,234,700
9,016,000
39,510,100
12,959,600
1,572,700
£20,418,482
£1,700,000
24,900,000
197,500,000
1,593,100
7,897,400
28,031,200
56,075,900
10,397,700
1,088,300
£15,682,154
£1,700,000
34,500,000
314,200,000
8,937,100
12,689,700
35,580,000
55,521,700
17,782,800
2,576,100
£22,153,680
£2,550,546
WOOLLETT, WILLIAM (1735–1785), English engraver, was
born at Maidstone, of a family which came originally from
Holland, on the 15th of August 1735. He was apprenticed
to John Tinney, an engraver in Fleet Street, London, and studied
in the St Martin's Lane academy. His first important plate
was from the “Niobe” of Richard Wilson, published by Boydell
in 1761, which was followed in 1763 by a companion engraving
from the “Phaethon” of the same painter. After West he
engraved his fine plate of the “Battle of La Hogue” (1781),
and “The Death of General Wolfe” (1776), which is usually
considered Woollett's masterpiece. In 1775 he was appointed
engraver-in-ordinary to George III.; and he was a member of
the Incorporated Society of Artists, of which for several years
he acted as secretary. He died in London on the 23rd of May
1785.
In his plates, which unite work with the etching-needle, the
dry-point and the graver, Woollett shows the greatest richness
and variety of execution. In his landscapes the rendering of
water is particularly excellent. In his portraits and historical
subjects the rendering of flesh is characterized by great softness
and delicacy. His works rank among the great productions of
the English school of engraving. Louis Fagan, in his CatalogueRaisonné of the Engraved Works of William Woollett (1885), has
enumerated 123 plates by this engraver.
WOOLMAN. JOHN (1720-1772), American Quaker preacher,
was born in Northampton, Burlington county, New Jersey, in
August 1720. When he was twenty-one he went to Mount Holly,
where he was a clerk in a store, opened a school for poor children
and became a tailor. After 1743 he spent most of his time as an
itinerant preacher, visiting meetings of the Friends in various
parts of the colonies. In 1772 he sailed for London to visit Friends
in the north of England, especially Yorkshire, and died in York of
smallpox on the 7th of October. He spoke and wrote against
slavery, refused to draw up wills transferring slaves, induced
many of the Friends to set their negroes free, and in 1760 at
Newport, Rhode Island, memorialized the Legislature to forbid
the slave trade. In 1763 at Wehaloosing (now Wyalusing),
on the Susquehanna, he preached to the Indians; and he always
urged the whites to pay the Indians for their lands and to forbid
the sale of liquor to them.
Woolman wrote Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes
(1754; part ii., 1762); Considerations on Pure Wisdom and HumanPolicy, on Labor, on Schools and on the Right Use of the Lord'sOutward Gifts (1768); Considerations on the True Harmony ofMankind, and How it is to be Maintained (1770); and A Word ofRemembrance and Caution to the Rich (1793}; and the most important of
his writings, The Journal of John Woolman: Life and Travels in theService of the Gospel (1775), which was begun in his thirty-sixth year
and was continued until the year of his death. The best known
edition is that prepared, with an introduction, by John G. Whittier
in 1871. The Works of John Woolman appeared in two parts at
Philadelphia, in 1774-1775, and have been republished; a
German version was printed in 1852.
WOOLNER, THOMAS (1825-1892), British sculptor and poet,
was born at Hadleigh, Suffolk, on the 17th of December 1825.
When a boy he showed talent for modelling, and when barely
thirteen years old was taken as an assistant into the studio of
William Behnes, and trained during four years. In December
1842 Woolner was admitted a student in the Royal Academy,
and in 1843 exhibited his “Eleanor sucking Poison from the
Wound of Prince Edward.” In 1844, among the competitive
works for decorating the Houses of Parliament was his life-size
group of “The Death of Boadicea.” In 1846 he had at the
Royal Academy a graceful bas-relief of Shelley's “Alastor.”
Then came (1847) “Feeding the Hungry,” a bas-relief, at the
Academy; and at the British Institution a brilliant statuette
