BRITISH ADMIRALTY STAFF, 1914-1918
(An asterisk denotes divisions and departments in existence April 1921.)
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Naval Staff:
1914
Nov. 1918
"Operations . . . .
7
24
"Intelligence . . . " . Mobilization ....
16
4
140 (45 unpaid) to maintenance
side
"Trade
37
Anti-submarine ) merged in
40
Mine-sweeping f rjife nce
7
"Signals (now Signal Dept.)
28
"Plans
ii
Mercantile Movements (lapsed)
39
"Training and Staff Duties
6
"Local Defence Div'n (post war)
nil
"Gunnery Division
4
"Torpedo Division (post war)
nil
Total ....
27
336
Secretarial:
Secretary
45
80 (2 unpaid)
Chief Censor ....
19
Publicity
25
"Statistics ....
12
Total . .' .
45
I 3 6
Personnel:
"Mobilization ....
\aval Staff
17
"Recruiting
IO
"Royal Marine Office .
10
15
"Paymaster Director General "Admiral of Training (post war)
4
Physical Training and Sports .
"Naval Education
5
5
"Chaplain of the Fleet
2 ,
2
"Medical Director General
10 .
16
Total ....
27
69
Technical:
"Hydrographer ....
35
58
"Navigation .....
3
6
"Naval Construction .
68
94
"Naval Engineer-in-Chief .
27
48
"Electrical Engineering
32
"Naval Ordnance
53 (and
245
torpedoes)
"Torpedoes and Mining
117
"Naval Equipment
10
60
"Compass Department "Dockyards and Shipbuilding . (Director of Dockyards)
3
37 50
Warship Production .
99
Auxiliary Vessels
46
"Armament Production
(now Armament Supply)
49
Airship Production .
57
Finance Division
21
Costings Division . . .
86
General Merchant Shipbuilding
165
Admiralty Labour Dept. . Materials and Priority
146 1 06
"Research and Experiment
67
"Works .
103
229
Total ....
302
1,818
Supply:
"Stores
36
97
"Victualling
19
3 ,
"Transport
31
116 (4 unpaid)
Total ....
86
243
Finance:
"Accountant General .
IIO
297 (i unpaid)
"Contract and Purchase
46
112
"Greenwich Hospital .
7
7
Total ....
163
416
Summary:
Naval Staff
27
336
Secretariat
45
136
Personnel *|
27
69
Technical > Maintenance
302
1,818
Supply j
86
243
Finance
163
416
Grand Total .
650
3,018
education, whose duties were concerned with the Secretary's programme for furnishing free instruction to enlisted men.
The outbreak of the World War gave new force to the pro- posals for reorganizing the naval administration, and by the Act of March 3 1915 Congress created the office of chief of naval operations, the incumbent of which by the subsequent Act of Aug. 29 1916, was promoted to the rank of admiral and assigned 15 officers above the rank of lieutenant-commander of the navy or major of the marine corps as assistants. The chief of naval operations was " charged with the operations of the fleet and with preparation and readiness of plans for its use in war." By regulation his duties were defined as including the direction of all strategic and tactical matters, organization, manoeuvres, target practice, drills and exercises and the training of the fleet for war. Under his direction were also placed the Naval War College at Newport, the office of naval intelligence, the office of gunnery exercises and engineering performances, the operation of the radio service and other systems of com- munication, the aeronautics service, the division of mines and mining, the naval defence districts and the coastguard when operating with the navy. The duties of the previously existing bureaus were limited to activities subordinate to military operations. By the Act of June 30 1914, these bureaus had been reduced to seven, the bureau of equipment having been abolished and its duties distributed among the other bureaus. The value of the new method of organization became almost immediately apparent; within 10 months after the passage of the first Act (1915) plans for the mobilization of the U.S. naval force were approved and ready to put into effect. Thus, when the United States entered the World War the Navy Department was, from the administrative standpoint, well prepared to undertake its new duties and responsibilities. In his report for 1918 Secre- tary Daniels stated that the war had necessitated no change in the organization of the Department, which had easily expanded to meet the emergency. During the war the Navy Department had the assistance of the War Industries Board, the Council of National Defense, the National Research Council, the Aircraft Production Board and the Naval Consulting Board.
The Naval Consulting Board, composed of civilian inventors and engineers, was first established in 1915 with Thomas A. Edison as chairman. It was a voluntary body whose function was to give expert advice when called upon. Secretary Daniels also established an advisory council composed of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, the chief of naval operations, the chiefs of bureaus, the major-general commandant of the marine corps and the judge-advocate general of the Navy Department.
Secretary Daniels' interest in education for enlisted men has al- ready been noted. An order issued by the Navy Department in Dec; 1913 provided for instruction of enlisted men, petty officers and warrant officers serving on board ship, the purpose being partly to supply deficiencies in school training and partly to fit them for pro- motion. Training was also instituted at the various naval stations, and schools for assistant paymasters, yeomen, cooks, bakers, com- missary stewards, hospital apprentices, machinists' mates, musicians, mess attendants, painters, plumbers, electricians, blacksmiths, and carpenters were maintained. Thus enlisted men could prepare themselves to engage in civil trades at the end of their period of navy service. With the outbreak of the war much of this educational work was temporarily suspended. By the Act of Dec. 20 1917 the number of midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy was fixed as follows five for each senator, representative and delegate in Congress, one for Porto Rico, two for the District of Columbia, 15 appointed each year at large, and 100 appointed annually from enlisted men of the navy. As a war measure the President was authorized in 1918 to reduce the course of instruction at the Academy from four to three years; in 1919, however, the fulj four-year course was resumed. During the participation of the United States in the World War three training camps for officers of the marine corps were held. In accordance with the Naval Militia Act of 1914 various states organized divisions known as the U.S. Naval Volunteers, to which were assigned naval officers as instructor-inspectors of the militia. A later Act (Aug. 29 1916) created the U.S. Naval Reserve force, with which, in 1918, the naval militia was amalgamated. The Act of 1916 also provided for a Naval Flying Corps, for special engineering officers, for Naval Dental and Dental Reserve Corps, and for taking over the lighthouse service in time of war.
The Naval Appropriations Act of 1915 repealed section 9 of the Personnel Act of March 3 1899, which authorized the retiring of
