the whole to have an interior length of 480 feet. The central tower will be 335 ft. in height, and the principal portal of the cathe- dral will be at the west side of the tower, not at the traditional " west end." The stone is Woolton red sandstone, which weathers to a greyish pink in a smoky atmosphere. The Lady chapel, 114 ft. long, 355 ft. wide and 58 ft. to the vaulting, was completed and consecrated in 1910 and has been embellished by the gift of a reredos from designs by Mr. Scott. It was decided in 1912 to proceed with the building of the choir, chapter-house and S.E. transept : the chapter-house with its copper roof was built by 1915 and the walls and vaulting of the choir and transept were completed in 1921.
The Council acquired the Harthill estate of 32 J ac. (1913), Walton Hall estate of 130! ac. (1913), Walton Wood estate of 62 ac. (1917), and the Princes Park of 44i ac. (1918); and in 1921 the total acreage of parks and open spaces within the municipal area was i ,386 acres.
The Mersey Docks and Harbour Board were in 1921 carrying out various important schemes of improvement of the port, the expenditure involved being about 10,000,000.
In 1906 the Board obtained parliamentary powers for the con- struction of new docks at the N. end of their Liverpool estate. The work was suspended during the war but has since been pressed forward. The scheme embraces: (a) the construction of a great vestibule dock 1,070 ft. by 130 ft. to provide a depth of water of 48 ft. at high water of spring tides and having a river lock entrance; (b) a lock 645 ft. long and 90 ft. wide (opened in 1921) between the new dock and the adjacent Hornby dock; (c) two branch docks (to be called Gladstone dock No. I and No. 2) opening out of the vestibule dock and having three-storey sheds on the N. and S. sides. The Board also acquired 340 ac. of foreshore in Seaforth and Water- loo to the northward to meet future developments.
With the object of providing further facilities for the embarkation of passengers on ocean-going and local steamers, parliamentary powers were obtained in 1921 for the extension of the Prince's landing-stage by 500 ft. ; and (to improve the cross-river ferry traffic) a small extension of the George's landing-stage at its southern end was in hand in 1921. Considerable progress had also been made with a scheme for electrification of the whole of the dock estate to provide, eventually, not only light but power for all the mechan- ical appliances. The cable work, including switch gear for the supply of the whole of the northern section of the estate, was practically complete in 1921 and involved the laying of about 40 m. of main cables between Sandon and Hornby docks.
To provide ample accommodation for the rapidly growing oil trade of Liverpool, the Board set apart a large area of land known as the "Parkhill and Dingle Estates " at the extreme S. end of the dock estate, and of this 25 ac. had in 1921 been leased to leading oil companies for the erection of oil storage tanks. Some of these were already in use in 1921 and when all are erected the tanks will provide storage for 140,000 tons of oil. Pipe lines to oil berths in the Herculaneum dock will enable tank steamers to discharge direct into the storage tanks. The reclamation of the foreshore ai\d the extension of the Herculaneum river wall, undertaken in 1921, will provide further berths for oil steamers and barges immediately opposite the oil installation.
To meet the requirements of the East India and Colonial wool trade, of which Liverpool has become the chief centre in the United Kingdom, two immense warehouses have been built: that of Great Howard Street has " dead " storage capacity for 150,000 bales and that in Love Lane (completed in 1920) of 85,000 bales. Important work in connexion with the provision of stone revetments and training banks in the sea channels the Queen's and Crossby leading to the port was in progress in 1920. The proposal to con- struct a bridge between Liverpool and Birkenhead was revived in 1912 but, in 1921, was still being studied.
LLANDAFF, HENRY MATTHEWS, 1ST VISCT. (1826-1913), English politician (see 16.828), died in London April 3 1913.
LLOYD, CHARLES HARFORD (1840-1919), English organist and composer, was born at Thornbury, Glos., Oct. 16 1849. He was educated at Rossall and at Hertford College, Oxford, where he was one of the- founders of the Oxford University musical club, becoming its first president. In 1876 he became organist of Gloucester cathedral, in 1882 organist of Christ Church cathedral, Oxford, and in 1892 precentor and musical instructor at Eton. In 1914 he became organist at the Chapel Royal, St. James's. Dr. Lloyd was well known both as a teacher and as a composer, his best-known work being the cantata Hero and Leander, composed for the Worcester festival of 1884. He also wrote much church music. He died at Slough Oct. 16 1919.
LLOYD GEORGE, DAVID (1863- ), British statesman (see 16. 832). After the constitutional conference of 1910 had failed, Mr. Lloyd George took his full share in the party campaign which ushered in the second general election of that year. He was especially sarcastic about the proposal for a Referendum, which was put in the forefront of Unionist policy. " A prohibition tariff against Liberalism," he called it. After the general election of Dec. 1910, which showed that the campaign of the Liberals against the Lords' veto had merely enabled them to maintain the somewhat precarious position established by the general election of the previous Jan., Mr. Lloyd George left the prosecution of the Parliament bill, and the subjugation of the Lords by means of a threat of promiscuous swamping, to the Prime Minister and other colleagues; and he devoted himself to the enthusiastic forwarding of his social programme, which was to show Labour that he and his party could and would do more to raise the condition of the workers than their professed advo- cates. His budget, which, owing to a realized surplus of 5,600, ooo, did not raise taxation, provided 1,500,000 for sanatoria for consumptives and 250,000 for the payment of members a cause dear to the heart of Labour. This latter provision was carried in Aug. after a somewhat perfunctory Unionist protest in debate, by a majority of nearly a hundred.
But his principal contribution to social reform was in his National Insurance bill, providing insurance for all workers by means of contributions from employers, employed and the State. By it there was set up not merely unemployment insurance, ad- ministered under the Board of Trade, but National health in- surance, which imposed a somewhat complicated card and stamp system on all employments, including even that of domestic serv- ice. In order to work the system, the cooperation of the doctors was essential, and the terms offered were hardly attractive. Mr. Lloyd George soared to uncommon heights of eloquence in press- ing his scheme upon Parliament and the country, appealing earnestly for a measure which would relieve undeserved misery, help to prevent much wretchedness, and arm the nation until it conquered " the pestilence that walketh in darkness and the de- struction that wasteth at noonday." Though benevolently re- ceived at first, the bill soon met with the banded opposition of the doctors, who protested that the terms offered the profession were absurdly inadequate; and it was far from popular with either the employing or the employed class, both of whom re- sented the liabilities imposed upon them, and the cumbersome process of stamp-affixing. This general unpopularity cost the Government some seats at by-elections; but Mr. Lloyd George stood firm, and the bill duly became law. But the doctors held out even after the bill was passed. The negotiations, carried on for more than a year, produced no agreement, and it looked as if the Act would break down through a boycott by the medical profession. But owing to Mr. Lloyd George's mingled diplomacy and tenacity, the minority in favour of acceptance slowly grew, and a sufficient number of panel doctors were registered to bring the medical benefit into effect on the appointed day early in Jan.
1913. Thereafter the opposition to the Act gradually died away, as its benefits to all parties became evident. A year later, in Feb.
1914, Mr. Lloyd George could claim that, out of 22,500 general practitioners in Great Britain, over 20,000 were on the panels.
In the discussions of the two bills going forward in the years 1912-4 under the Parliament Act, the Irish Home Rule bill and the Welsh Church bill, Mr. Lloyd George did not take a prominent part, though he was heartily in favour of both. Indeed he had been throughout one of the principal promoters of disestablishment in Wales, and, when he did speak, advocated it with almost apostolic fervour; but the conduct of the measure was in the hands of Mr. McKenna. This cause appealed to him not merely on its religious, but also on its social, side. It was, however, another social change, that affecting the land, to which, after National Insurance, he devoted his principal attention from the autumn of 1912 down to the outbreak of the World War. He even accused his opponents of dragging the red herring of Ulster across the trail of his projects of land reform. His earliest political campaign in Wales had been aimed against the landed interest; and he had made a further move in that direction in the taxation of land values in his budget of 1909. Though the Prime Minister, Mr. Asquith, formally disclaimed the notorious specific of advanced land reformers, the single tax on land, he sanctioned
