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Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States


Endnotes: Introduction


  1.   Exec. Order No. 14023, 86 Fed. Reg. 19,569 (Apr. 14, 2021) [hereinafter Exec. Order].
  2.   Id.
  3.   Id.
  4.   Id.
  5.   Joe Biden 60 Minutes Interview Transcript, Rev (Oct. 25, 2020), https://www.rev.com/blog/transcripts/joe-biden-60-minutes-interview-transcript.
  6.   See, e.g., Bruce Ackerman, Opinion, Trust in the Justices of the Supreme Court Is Waning. Here Are Three Ways to Fortify the Court, L.A. Times (Dec. 20, 2018), https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-ackerman-supreme-court-reconstruction-20181220-story.html (noting that partisan politics threaten to “destroy the court’s legitimacy in the coming decade”); Erwin Chemerinsky, With Kavanaugh Confirmation Battle, the Supreme Court’s Legitimacy Is in Question, Sacramento Bee (Oct. 5, 2018), https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/california-forum/article219317565.html (noting a “cloud over the court’s legitimacy”); Press Release, Office of Sen. Mitch McConnell, McConnell on Court-Packing Commission: Disdain for Judicial Independence (Apr. 9, 2021), https://www.republicanleader.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/mcconnell-on-court-packing-commission-disdain-for-judicial-independence- (describing the Commission as “squarely within liberals’ years-long campaign to politicize the Court, intimidate its members, and subvert its independence”).
  7.   Roll Call Vote on the Confirmation of Louis Brandeis, 1916, U.S. Capitol Visitor Ctr., https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/exhibitions/timeline/image/roll-call-vote-confirmation-louis-brandeis-1916#top.
  8.   Senate Rejects Judge John J. Parker for the Supreme Court, U.S. Senate, https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/nominations/judge-parker-nomination-rejected.htm.
  9.   Matt Ford, Thurgood Marshall’s Patient but Relentless War, Atlantic (Sept. 6, 2017), https://www.theatlantic.com/membership/archive/2017/09/thurgood-marshalls-patient-but-relentless-war/538854/ (describing Justice Marshall’s confirmation process as a “national embarrassment”).
  10.   See Laura Kalman, The Long Reach of the Sixties: LBJ, Nixon, and the Making of the Contemporary Supreme Court 209–45 (2017); Alfonso A. Narvaez, Clement Haynsworth Dies at 77; Lost Struggle for High Court Seat, N.Y. Times (Nov. 23, 1989), https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/23/obituaries/clement-haynsworth-dies-at-77-lost-struggle-for-high court-seat.html (describing “a tense battle between the Nixon Administration and a coalition of labor and civil rights groups” that led to the failed confirmation of Judge Clement Haynsworth to the Supreme Court).
  11.   See, e.g., Jackie Calmes, How Republicans Have Packed the Court for Years, Time (June 22, 2021), https://time.com/6074707/republicans-courts-congress-mcconnell (describing “bare-knuckle tactics in the Senate” by Republicans to “stock … the federal bench at all levels with conservatives”).
  12.   Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States 3 (July 20, 2021) (written testimony of Ilya Shapiro, Vice President & Dir., Robert A. Levy Ctr. for Const. Stud.), https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Shapiro-Testimony.pdf.
  13.   Id.
  14.   Id.
  15.   Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States 3 (July 20, 2021) (written testimony of Benjamin Wittes, Senior Fellow in Governance Studies, Brookings Inst.) [hereinafter Wittes Testimony], https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Wittes-Testimony.pdf.
  16.   Id.

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