Page:EO 14023 Commission Final Report.pdf/70

Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States

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1. ↑  92 U.S. 542 (1876). See generally LeeAnna Keith, The Colfax Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, and the Death of Reconstruction (2008).
2. ↑  92 U.S. 542.
3. ↑  John Hope Franklin, The Enforcement of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, 6 Prologue 225, 234 (1974).
4. ↑  See William Gillette, Retreat From Reconstruction, 1869–1879, at 273–74 (1982).
5. ↑  Ch. 114, 18 Stat. 335.
6. ↑  109 U.S. 3 (1883).
7. ↑  Laura F. Edwards, A Legal History of the Civil War and Reconstruction 164 (2015).
8. ↑  Id.
9. ↑  Frankfurter & Landis, supra note 86, at 86.
10. ↑  Act of April 10, 1869, ch. 22, 16 Stat. 44.
11. ↑  Frankfurter & Landis, supra note 86, at 60.
12. ↑  Wheeler & Harrison, supra note 19, at 16.
13. ↑  Crowe, supra note 38, at 174.
14. ↑  Frankfurter & Landis, supra note 86 at 60, 102.
15. ↑  See Id. at 82–83; Wheeler & Harrison, supra note 19, at 16.
16. ↑  Act of March 3, 1891, ch. 517, 26 Stat. 826.
17. ↑  Fallon, Manning, Meltzer & Shapiro, supra note 9, at 29.
18. ↑  Wheeler & Harrison, supra note 19, at 18.
19. ↑  See Id.; Fallon, Manning, Meltzer & Shapiro, supra note 9, at 30 & n.67.
20. ↑  Frankfurter & Landis, supra note 86, at 102.
21. ↑  Id. at 101.
22. ↑  See Eric Foner Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877, at 517, 522 (1988); Howard Gillman, How Political Parties Can Use the Courts to Advance Their Agendas: Federal Courts in the United States, 1875–1891, 96 Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. 511, 512 (2002).
23. ↑  See generally Edward A. Purcell, Jr., Litigation and Inequality: Federal Diversity Jurisdiction in Industrial America, 1870–1958 (1992).
24. ↑  Gillman, supra note 109, at 512.
25. ↑  See generally William G. Ross, A Muted Fury: Populists, Progressives, and Labor Unions Confront the Courts, 1890–1937 (1994).
26. ↑  156 U.S. 1 (1895). The case was also known as the “Sugar Trust Case.”
27. ↑  157 U.S. 429 (1895).
28. ↑  158 U.S. 564 (1895).
29. ↑  198 U.S. 45 (1905) (invalidating a New York statute regulating bakers’ working hours on the ground that the statute violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment).
30. ↑  See Roosevelt in 1912 The Cry in Denver, N.Y. Times, Aug. 30, 1910, at 1.
31. ↑  Theodore Roosevelt, Judges and Progress, Outlook, Jan. 6, 1912 at 40, 44.
32. ↑  See Ross, supra note 112, at 130–54.
33. ↑  Theodore Roosevelt, A Charter of Democracy: Address Before the Ohio Constitutional Convention (Feb. 21, 1912).
34. ↑  Ross, supra note 112, at 144.

64 | December 2021