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Introduction (U)

Eagle and Swastika: CIA and Nazi War Criminals and Collaborators examines the Central Intelligence Agency's involvement with Nazis and their collaborators after World War II. It details the Agency's assistance to various US Government investigations, primarily by the Justice Department's Office of Special Investigation (OSI) and by the General Accounting Office (GAO), of dealings with Nais from the 1970s to the present day. The study recounts the Agency's long involvement with Nazis - first as an enemy in World War II, then as a quasi-ally in the Cold War, and finally as the subjects of criminal investigations and prosecutions by Federal officials.^[1] (U)

As a secret, intelligence agency in an open democratic society, historians, journalists, and politicians have long suspected the Central Intelligence Agency of maintaining clandestine relations with Nazis and non-Germans who aided the Third

↑ The Charter and Judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal, adopted by the United Nations in 1950 as General Assembly Resolution 95, defined crimes under international law as crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The Nuremberg International Military Tribunal also charged German defendants with conspiracy. Those who served in the Schutzstaffeln, or SS, were accused of membership in a criminal organization. The Allied authorities also offered specific charges in subsequent trials of German war criminals after 1945. The generic term "war crimes" encompasses a variety of crimes committed by the Axis Powers and their collaborators as recognized at Nuremberg. The term is commonly used to denote support rendered to Nazi Germany by individuals even if these same individuals did not directly commit murder or other violent crimes. It should also be noted that many individuals charged with war crimes in World War II were not members of the Nazi party or even German citizens. Alan S. Rosenbaum, Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), pp. 22-23. See also Appendices, Norman E. Tutorow, ed., War Crimes, War Criminals, and War Crimes Trials: An Annotated Bibliography and Source Book (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986), pp. 453-477. (U)

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[1] The Charter and Judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal, adopted by the United Nations in 1950 as General Assembly Resolution 95, defined crimes under international law as crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The Nuremberg International Military Tribunal also charged German defendants with conspiracy. Those who served in the Schutzstaffeln, or SS, were accused of membership in a criminal organization. The Allied authorities also offered specific charges in subsequent trials of German war criminals after 1945. The generic term "war crimes" encompasses a variety of crimes committed by the Axis Powers and their collaborators as recognized at Nuremberg. The term is commonly used to denote support rendered to Nazi Germany by individuals even if these same individuals did not directly commit murder or other violent crimes. It should also be noted that many individuals charged with war crimes in World War II were not members of the Nazi party or even German citizens. Alan S. Rosenbaum, Prosecuting Nazi War Criminals (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), pp. 22-23. See also Appendices, Norman E. Tutorow, ed., War Crimes, War Criminals, and War Crimes Trials: An Annotated Bibliography and Source Book (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1986), pp. 453-477. (U)

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