north, dividing it from the British territory. It is remarkable that, within these limits, all the rivers which flow through the Territory take their rise.
The Territory is divided into three natural belts or sections, viz:
{277} 1st. That between the Pacific Ocean and Cascade Mountains, (President's range) or western section;
2nd. That between the Cascade mountains and blue mountain range, or middle section;
3rd. That between the Blue and Rocky Mountain chains, or eastern section.
And this division will equally apply to the soil, climate, and productions.
The mountain ranges run, for the most part, in parallel lines with the coast, and, rising in many places above the snow line (here found to be 6,500 feet), would naturally produce a difference of temperature between them, and also affect their productions.
Our surveys and explorations were confined, for the most part, to the two first, claiming more interest from being less known, and more in accordance with my instructions.
Mountains.—The Cascade range, or that nearest the coast, runs from the southern boundary, on a parallel with the sea coast, the whole length of the territory, north and south, rising, in many places, in high peaks, from twelve to fourteen thousand feet above the level of the sea, in regular cones. Their {278} distance from the coast line is from one hundred to a hundred and fifty miles, and they almost interrupt the communication between the sections, except where the two great rivers, the Columbia and Frazer's, force a passage through them.
There are a few mountain passes, but they are difficult, and only to be attempted late in the spring and summer.
