is well watered, and there are but few places where an abundance of water, either from rivers, springs, or rivulets, cannot be obtained.
The smaller lakes add much to the picturesque beauty of the country. They are generally at the head-waters of the smaller streams. The map will point out more particularly their extent and locality.
Harbours.—All the harbours formed by the rivers on the sea-coast are obstructed by extensive sand-bars, which make them difficult to enter. The rivers bring down large quantities of sand, which is deposited on meeting with the ocean, causing a gradual increase of the impediments already existing at their mouths. None of them can be deemed safe ports to enter. The entrance to the Columbia is impracticable two-thirds of the year, and the difficulty of leaving is equally great.
The north sands are rapidly increasing, and extending further to the southward. In the memory of several of those who have been longest in the country, Cape Disappointment has been encroached upon some {289} hundred feet by the sea, and, during my short experience, nearly half an acre of the middle sands was washed away in a few days. These sands are known to change every season.
The exploration made of the Clatsop, or South channel, it is believed, will give more safety to vessels capable of entering the river. The depth of water on the bar seems not to have changed, though the passage has become somewhat narrow.
Grey's harbour will admit of vessels of light draught of water, (ten feet), but there is but little room in it, on
- [Footnote: Cœur d'Alène Lake see our volume vii, p. 211, note 75; Kulluspelm (Kalispel)
is the modern Pend d'Oreille Lake, for which see De Smet's Letters in our volume xxvii, p. 339, note 175.—Ed.]
