Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/39

This page has been validated.

The San Tzŭ Ching

21

was ch'ang², composed of 兀 wu lofty, far, 𠤎 hua (the old form of 化, to be distinguished from 七 ch'i seven, line 84) to melt, to change, and 亡 wang to perish (line 159) turned upside down, showing that this last is to be taken in an opposite sense. It is consequently explained as that which will go far without change, lasting, long.

40.	宜	先	知	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	is one of the first things to know.
	I²	hsien¹	chih¹
	Ought	before	know

I see line 22.

Hsien is composed of 人 jen man (under the form in which it appears when placed at the bottom of a character) as radical, and a corrupted 之 (line 1). It is used as a comparative adverb of time.

Chih see line 28.

41.	首	孝	弟	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	Begin with filial piety and fraternal love,
	Shou³	hsiao⁴	t'i⁴
	Head	filial	fraternal

Shou was originally written with three wavy strokes at the top, said to represent hair, the lower portion being an obsolete word for head.

Hsiao is composed of 老 lao old (line 24), as seen in combination, as phonetic, and 子 tzŭ child underneath as radical, thus picturing the idea of the young taking care of the old.

T'i see line 39. The logic shows it cannot be ti.

42.	次	見	聞	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and then see and hear.
	Tz'ŭ⁴	chien⁴	wên²
	Second	see	hear

Tz'ŭ is composed of 二 êrh two and 欠 ch'ien as radical. The latter now means to owe, but was originally a picture of vapour