now in Ch'üan's writings almost no remarks that can be interpreted as prejudicial to the Manchus is due, no doubt, to their having been edited and re-edited by men who were fully aware of the retribution that lay in store for fearless writers. Though his works were thus re-edited, there is enough left of objective history to satisfy the needs of the historian. In particular, we are indebted to him for many biographies, life sketches, and epitaphs of famous men of the early Ch'ing period, such as Huang Tsung-hsi, Ku Yen-wu, Li Yung, Liu Hsien-t'ing, Fang Pao, Wan Ching, Li Fu [qq. v.]—to mention only a few. In the late Ch'ing and early Republican periods when anti-Manchu feeling ran high this new historical data was eagerly sought by the reformers. Ch'uan's interest in Huang Tsung-hsi led him in the years 1746-54 to assist descendants of the Huang family to edit and supplement the famous Sung Yüan hsüeh-an (see under Huang Tsung-hsi).
Among other writings of Ch'üan Tsu-wang may be mentioned the 漢書地理志稽疑 Han-shu ti-li chih chi-i, 6 chüan, printed about 1804; 讀易別錄 Tu-i pieh-lu, 3 chüan, a bibliography of apocryphal works on the Classic of Changes, printed about 1805 by Pao T'ing-po [q. v.]; and 甬上族望表 Yung-shang tsu-wang piao, a list of famous families of Ningpo, printed in 1814.
The most important works compiled by Ch'uan Tsu-wang are: 續甬上耆舊詩 Hsü Yung-shang ch'i-chiu shih, 121 chüan, a continuation of an earlier anthology of poets of Ningpo printed in 1918 and 錢忠介公集 Ch'ien Chung-chieh kung chi, 20 + 7 chüan, the collected works of Ch'ien Su-yüeh (see under Huang Tsung-hsi), to which Ch'üan appended a nien-p'u of the author. Ch'üan also produced the third edition of Wang Ying-lin's (see under Ch'ien Ta-hsin) miscellaneous notes known as K'un-hsüeh chi-wên (see under Ho Ch'o)—the first two editions having been edited by Yen Jo-chü [q. v.] and Ho Ch'o. Ch'üan's notes to the work appear in the K'un-hsüeh chi-wên san-ch'ien (三箋), printed in 1825 by Wêng Yüan-ch'i 翁元圻 (T. 載青, 1750–1825).
A work to which Ch'üan Tsu-wang devoted many years of his life is the Classic of Waterways, or Shui-ching chu, of Li Tao-yüan (see under Chao I-ch'ing). Ch'üan collated the work seven times, comparing the texts and notes of at least 29 different scholars of the Ming and Ch'ing periods—particularly the notes of Shên Ping-hsün 沈炳巽 (T. 繹旃, H. 權齋, younger brother of Shên Ping-chên, q. v.), and the notes of Chao I-ch'ing [q. v.]. In consequence we have the 七校水經注 Ch'i-chiao Shui-ching chu, 40 chüan, which was not quite finished when he died. It was printed from old manuscripts by Hsüeh Fu-ch'êng [q. v.] early in 1888, with supplementary (補遺 pu-i) material in 1 chüan and a history of the work (坿錄 fu-lu) in 2 chüan. Of the three chief editions of the Shui-ching chu—those by Ch'üan, by Chao I-ch'ing, and by Tai Chên—C'h'üan's is the earliest to be written, but the last to be printed. Ch'üan's chief contribution to the study of this work was his discovery that, owing to centuries of faulty transcription, certain passages of Li's commentaries were mixed with the original text of the Shui-ching. He informed Chao I-ch'ing of his discovery and the two together proceeded to isolate the comments from the original text, thus clarifying many problems concerning the Shui-ching chu. Ch'üan often exchanged notes with Chao, and shortly before he died wrote a preface to Chao's works—thus making it clear why there are passages in both works which are similar. Later Tai Chên made use of Chao's notes without giving him due credit and thus indirectly relied also on the labors of Ch'üan (see under Chao I-ch'ing).
Ch'üan Tsu-wang's studio, known as Shuang-chiu shan-fang 雙韭山房, contained the books he had collected, which after his death were pinchased by the Lu family of Ningpo for the sum of 200 taels silver.
[Chiang T'ien-shu 蔣天樞, 全謝山先生年譜 Ch'üan Hsieh-shan Hsien-shêng nien-p'u (1932); 全謝山著述考 in Bulletin of the National Library of Peiping, vol. III, nos. 1, 2; 2/68/34a; 3/126/17a; 16/14/22a; 17/5/82a; 31/2/7b; Chi-ch'i t'ing-chi.]
CHUANG-lieh Min Huang-ti, posthumous name of Chu Yu-chien [q. v.].
CHUANG, Prince. See under Yin-lu.
CHUANG T'ing-lung 莊廷鑨 (T. 子襄), d. ca. 1660, was a native of Wu-ch'êng, Chekiang, the eldest son of Chuang Yün-ch'êng 莊允城 (T. 君維, d. 1663), a prosperous merchant of the town of Nan-hsün in the Wu-ch'êng district. Although he became totally blind after taking his hsiu-ts'ai degree he did not let this misfortune hinder him from carrying out his scholarly ambitions. In the early years of the Shun-chih period he purchased from the descendants of Chu
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