posthumous name Hsien 憲. His eldest son, Pao-t'ai 保泰, who in the previous year had been made his heir (世子 shih-tzŭ), succeeded him as the second Prince Yü, and was ordered to guard Yin-t'i, his cousin, when the latter was placed in confinement. Pao-t'ai was deprived of all rank by the next emperor, Shih-tsung, in 1724, for complicity with Yin-ssŭ [q. v.]. The third prince, Kuang-ning 廣寧, nephew of Pao-t'ai, held his title for less than two years, being deprived of it on the charge of disrespect to the Emperor in the latter's presence. The hereditary rank then fell on Kuang-lu 廣禄 after whose death in 1785 the rank was successively reduced according to the written law of the Imperial House.
[1/225/6a; Tung-hua lu, K'ang-hsi 29: 7.8.9; Howorth, History of the Mongols (1876) part I, pp. 628–9; Ch'ing Huang-shih ssŭ-p'u (see under Fu-lung-an) 2/9b; 3/11a; 承德府志 Ch'êng-lê-fu chih (1887) 17/1a; 順天府志 Shun-t'ien-fu chih (1884) 13/14a; Gerbillon in J. B. Du Halde, Description de L'Empire de la Chine et de la Tartare Chinoise (1736) IV, pp. 60–61; Tung-hua lu, Yung-chêng 2:10.12; P'ing-ting Shuo-mo fang-lüeh (see under Chang Yü-shu); Hsi-chêng chi-lüeh (see under Sun Ssŭ-k'o).]
FU-êr-tan. See under Furdan.
FU-hêng 傅恆 (T. 春和), d. Sept. 1770, of the Fuca clan and a member of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner, was the tenth son of Li-jung-pao (see under Misḥan), an uncle of Ming-jui [q. v.], and a younger brother of Kao-tsung's first empress. Rising from the post of junior bodyguard wearing the blue feather, he became (1742) superintendent of the summer palace, Yüan-ming Yüan. During the next six years he rose through the junior vice-presidency, the senior vice-presidency, and the presidency of the Board of Revenue to the position of an Associate Grand Secretary (1748), and finally in the same year to that of Grand Secretary. His services to the emperor were mostly military. In 1748, accompanied by Yüeh Chung-ch'i [q. v.], he was sent as commander-in-chief into the Chin-ch'uan region in western Szechwan to put an end to the rebellion. For the failure to suppress it Chang Kuang-ssŭ [q. v.] and No-ch'in (see under Chang Kuang-ssŭ) paid with their lives. Fu-hêng managed to over-awe the hardy Chin-ch'uan barbarians, who with their thousands of stone fortress towers (碉) and trenches were almost impregnable, and their principal chieftain, Solobun (see under Chang Kuang-ssŭ), came personally and submitted—after he had made certain from Yüeh Chung-ch'i that he would not be harmed. The surrender was really inconclusive, since some twenty years later the Chin-ch'uan people again caused serious difficulty (see under A-kuei). But Fu-hêng, upon his arrival at the capital in April 1749, was given the welcome of a victor and was made a duke of the first class with the designation Chung-yung 忠勇. Thereafter for almost a score of years he performed his duties as Grand Secretary.
Late in 1768, at his own insistence, Fu-hêng was sent as commander-in-chief to put new life into the campaign against the Burmese (see under Ming-jui and A-kuei). He arrived at T'êng-yüeh (Momein), Yunnan, in May 1769. Previously, lieutenant-general A-li-kun 阿里袞 (T. 松崖, d. 1770, posthumous name 襄壯) and others, who had been sent by the Emperor to inquire into the practicability of river as well as land attack on the Burmese, had replied that there was no healthful locality with timber sufficiently plentiful to provide boats. Fu-hêng greatly pleased Kao-tsung by reporting almost immediately after his arrival in Yunnan that there was a healthful climate, plenty of timber, and many docile barbarians to help the army build boats in the region outside of T'ung-pi-kuan on the border between Yunnan and Burma. There was then some fighting along the Irrawaddy and several Burmese chieftains surrendered. But Fu-hêng's speed and efficiency proved to be foolhardy since the army was decimated by tropical diseases and the soldiers suffered intensely. In December 1769 the army and Fu-hêng were recalled without having accomplished anything of importance. Fu-hêng memorialized, begging to be permitted to assume the blame for fathering this ill-starred Burmese venture. Kao-tsung, however, taking as precedent the attitude of Emperor Shêng-tsu towards his ministers in the war against Wu San-kuei [q. v.] insisted on taking the blame himself. Fu-hêng, still a young man, died this same year (1770), aged less than fifty (sui), from a disease he contracted while in Burma. His tablet was placed in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen and he was granted the posthumous name Wên-chung 文忠. His portrait, also, was hung in the Tzŭ-kuang ko (see under Chao-hui) among the likenesses of the hundred meri-
252
