李鼎祚, but his work on this subject was not completed before his death. His manuscript drafts were published in 23 chüan under the title Chou-i shu (述), with a preface by Lu Chien-tsêng, and postscripts by his sons, dated 1758 and 1759 respectively. On the same classic Hui Tung also left the following works: 易漢學 I Han hsüeh, 8 chüan; 易例 I li, 2 chüan; and Chou-i pên-i pien-chêng (本義辯證), 5 chüan. On the same principle, he wrote two works about the Book of Rites, entitled: 禘說 Ti shuo, 2 chüan; and 明堂大道錄 Ming-t'ang ta-tao lu, 8 chüan. All these were printed in various collectanea. On the Classic of History he made a notable contribution, entitled 古文尚書考 Ku-wên Shang-shu k'ao, 2 chüan, first printed by Li Wên-tsao (see under Chou Yung-nien) about the year 1774. Here he attempted to show that the earlier lost ku-wên text (see under Yen Jo-chü) was authoritative, and the later one apocryphal. It is interesting to reflect that he began this study in 1734 without knowing of the existence of the Ku-wên Shang-shu shu-chêng by Yen Jo-chü [q. v.]; but after he completed his work he had an opportunity (1743) to examine Yen's manuscript. Another celebrated work by Hui Tung is the 九經古義 Chiu-ching ku-i, 16 chüan, first printed by Li Wên-tsao in the years following 1773. It is a study of passages in the Classics whose exegesis is doubtful.
The following titles represent Hui Tung's annotations on ancient works: (1) 後漢書補注 Hou Han-shu pu-chu, 24 chüan, first printed in 1804, consists of supplementary annotations to the Dynastic History of the Later Han Period; (2) 春秋左傳補注 Ch'un-ch'iu Tso-chuan pu-chu, 6 chüan, first printed by Li Wên-tsao in 1774, is a work in which Hui attempted to supplement the Tso-chuan chi-chieh, 30 chüan, by Tu Yü (see under Ting Yen); (3) 太上感應篇注 T'ai-shang kan-ying p'ien chu, explanatory notes on difficult passages in the T'ai-shang kan-ying p'ien (see under P'êng Ting-ch'iu). Hui Tung concluded that this book was compiled between the third and fifth centuries A.D. (The above-mentioned three works were printed or reprinted in various collectanea); (4) 讀說文記 Tu Shuo-wên chi, 15 chüan, is a study of the texts and commentaries of the Shuo-wên (see under Tuan Yü-ts'ai). The manuscript drafts of this work came later into the possession of Hsi Shih-ch'ang 席世昌 (T. 子侃, chü-jên of 1795) who revised and supplemented it under the title Shuo-wên shu-chêng (疏證), 14 chüan. The original and the revised texts were printed in the Chieh-yüeh shan-fang hui-ch'ao (see under Chang Hai-p'êng); (5) 山海經訓纂 Shan-hai ching hsün-tsuan, 18 chüan, annotations on the Shan-hai ching (see under Hsü Wên-ching). This work does not seem to have been printed; (6) Annotations by Hui Tung to the Yü-yang shan-jên ching-hua lu by Wang Shih-chên [q. v.] whose nien-p'u he also compiled.
A collection of Hui Tung's miscellaneous notes, entitled 松崖筆記 Sung-yai pi-chi, 3 chüan, was printed in 1822. A similar work, entitled Chiu-yao chai (九曜齋) pi-chi, and a prose collection, Sung-yai wên-ch'ao (文鈔) were left in manuscript. The last two were edited by Liu Shih-hêng (see under Liu Jui-fên) in 3 and 2 chüan respectively, and were printed, with the Sung-yai pi-chi, in the Chü-hsüeh hsüan ts'ung-shu (see under Liu Jui-fên).
[1/487/9b; 3/419/1a; 7/34/12a; 吳君名賢圖傳贊 Wu-chün ming-hsien t'u chuan-tsan (1829) 20/15a (portrait); Morimoto Sugio 森本杉雄, 清朝儒學史概說 Shin-chō jugaku-shi gaisetsu (1930) pp. 90-107; Hashimoto Naribumi 橋本成文, 清朝尚書學 in 漢文講座 Kambun kōza, vol. V (1933); Liang Ch'i-ch'ao 梁啟超, 中國近三百年學術史 Chung-kuo chin san-pai nien hsüeh-shu shih (1926), passim.]
HUNG Ch'êng-ch'ou 洪承疇 (T. 彥演, H. 亨九), Oct. 16, 1593–1665, Apr. 3, Ming-Ch'ing official, was a native of Nan-an, Fukien. A chin-shih of 1616, he first served under the Ming dynasty as an official in the Board of Punishments and later was promoted through various offices in the provinces of Chekiang, Kiangsi, and Shensi. Because of his success in suppressing bandits in Shensi, he was made governor-general of that province in 1631 and three years later governor-general of the five provinces of Honan, Shansi, Shensi, Szechwan and Hukuang, replacing Ch'ên Ch'i-yü [q. v.]. After several times defeating the bandit leader Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.], Hung succeeded early in 1638 in dealing him a crushing blow near T'ung-kuan, Shensi. Li fled with a handful of men and stayed in the mountains for more than a year. Meanwhile the Manchus invaded Chihli and were threatening Peking. Hung was ordered to defend the capital and, early in 1639, was made governor-general of northeastern Chihli and Liaotung (薊遼總督). In 1641, when he attempted to assist Tsu Ta-shou [q. v.] who was besieged by the Manchus in the city of Chin-chou, Hung was himself besieged
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