the leaders, like Hung Hsiu-ch'üan and Yang Hsiu-ch'ing and others, were said to have had many wives or concubines. Prostitution, footbinding and the sale of slaves were prohibited, as were opium smoking, adultery, witchcraft, gambling and the use of tobacco and wine.
According to a general list of Taiping official publications approved by imperial order (旨准頒行詔書總目 1853) there were twenty-nine titles published in Nanking. In addition to this list three more works have come to light in recent years, issued in the late period of the Taiping régime. Many specimens of these are in the Library of Congress. About half of them are pamphlets liberally interspersed with religious sentiments, hymns, poems, essays, etc., while the other half are edicts or governmental documents. The most interesting, from a religious point of view, are the 三字經 San-tzŭ ching, or Trimetrical Classic (1853), and the 幼學詩 Yu-hsüeh shih, or Ode for Youth (1852), written in imitation of old Chinese primers, but designed to inculcate the essentials of supposedly Christian doctrine. Another, entitled 天條書 T'ien-t'iao shu, or "Book of Heavenly Precepts" (1852), gives the Taiping Ten Commandments; and the 天父詩 T'ien fu shih (1857) contains 500 hymns. Of the political books, the 天命詔旨書 T'ien-ming chao-chih shu (1852), gives important decrees and orders of the Taiping campaign from Kwangsi to Changsha; the 太平軍目 T'ai-p'ing chün-mu (1852) and the 行軍總要 Hsing-chün tsung-yao (1855) deal with military organization and tactics; the 太平禮制 T'ai-p'ing li-chih (1852) with ceremonial regulations; and the 天朝田畝制度 T'ien-ch'ao t'ien-mu chih-tu (1853) concerns the land and the administrative system—a kind of constitution of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. Though Hung Hsiu-ch'üan is said to have been in youth a prolific writer on religious subjects, it is difficult to affirm with certainty which of these publications were written by him or, if so, how much they were revised. Some of the poems and essays attributed to him appear in the following works: 太平天國詩文鈔 T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo shih-wên ch'ao (1930); T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo chao-yü (詔諭) (1935), and T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo tsa-chi (雜記) (1935). Some of Hung's writings in the last-mentioned work have been translated into English in the T'ien Hsia Monthly (vol. I, no. 4, November 1935). Many Taiping documents were translated by Walter Henry Medhurst (see under Wang T'ao) under the title "Pamphlets issued by the Chinese Insurgents at Nanking..." (Shanghai, 1853).
[1/481/1a; Li Hsiu-ch'êng [q. v.], Li Hsiu-ch'êng Kung-chuang; T'ai-p'ing T'ien-jih 太平天日 in I-ching 逸經, no. 13. 14, 16 (1936); Theodore Hamberg, The Vision of Hung-Siu-Tshuen and Origin of the Kwang-si Insurrection, lithophotographed edition with a Chinese translation by Chien Yu-wên 簡又文 under the title 太平天國起義記 T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo ch'i-i chi (1935); Ch'êng Yên-shêng 程演生, T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo shih-liao ti-i chi (史料第一集) (1926); Liu Fu 劉復, T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo yu-ch'ü wên-chien (有趣文件) (1926); T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo wên-shu (文書) (1933); Hsiao I-shan 蕭一山, T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo ts'ung-shu (1936); Ling Shan-ch'ing 凌善清, T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo yeh-shih (野史) (1923); Chung-kuo chin-pai-nien shih tzŭ-liao, first collection 1931, second collection 1933 (see under Li Hsiu-ch'êng); Chien Yu-wên 遊洪秀全故鄉所得到的太平天國新史料 in I-ching, no. 2 (1936); Chang Tê-chien 張德堅, 賊情彙纂 Tsei-ch'ing hui-tsuan (1855); Chiao-p'ing Yüeh-fei fang-lüeh (see under I-hsin); P'ing-ting Yüeh-fei chi-lüeh (see under Kuan-wên); Hsiang-chün chih and Hsiang-chün chi (for both see bibliography under Tsêng Kuo-fan); Charles MacFarlane, The Chinese Revolution (London, 1853); J. M. Callery and M. Yüan, History of the Insurrection in China, translated from the French by John Oxenford (London, 1853); J. Milton Mackie, Life of Tai-ping-wang (New York, 1857); Lin-le [A. F. Lindley], Ti-ping Tien-kwoh (London, 1866), with translations of some Taiping documents; Chinese translation of above, entitled T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo wai-chi (外紀) (1915); Robert. J. Forrest, "The Christianity of Hung Tsiu-Tsuen" in the Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. IV (1867); William J. Hail, Tsêng Kuo-fan and the Taiping Rebellion (New Haven, 1927); G. E. Taylor, "The Taiping Rebellion, its Economic Background and Social Theory", in Chinese Social and Political Science Review, vol. XVI, no. 4 (1933); Nohara Shirō 野原四郎, 太平天國の亂, in 世界歷史大系 Sekairekishitaikei, vol. 9 (1934); Toriyama Kiichi 鳥山喜一, 太平天國亂の本質 in 東方文化史叢考 Tōhō bunka-shi sōkō (1935); Hsieh Hsing-yao 謝興堯, T'ai-p'ing T'ien-kuo shih-shih lun-ts'ung (史事論叢) (1935); J. S. M. Ward and W. G. Stirling, The Hung Society or The Society of Heaven and Earth (London, 1925-26); Hsiao I-shan 蕭一山, 近代秘密社會史料 Chin-tai pi-mi shê-hui shih-liao (1935); Kuo T'ing-i 郭廷以, 太平天
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