ernmental positions: Kao Shu-lin 高書麟 (T. 紱齋, d. 1801); Kao Kuang-hou 高廣厚 (d. 1815); and Kao Kuang-hsing 高廣興 (T. 賡虞, d. 1808). Kao Shu-lin was a military man who began his political career (1758) in the Imperial Equipage Department. He rose to deputy lieutenant-general of the Manchu garrison in Sian, Shensi (1771); governor of Anhwei (1784–87); governor-general of Liangkiang (1787–90, 1791–94); of Yün-Kuei (Yunnan and Kweichow, 1799–1800); and of Hu-kuang (Hunan and Hupeh, 1800–01); president of the Board of Civil Offices; lieutenant-general of the Chinese Plain Red Banner; associate Grand Secretary (1799–1801); and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. On May 21, 1801, he died in battle in Hsiang-yang, Hupeh, while he was leading an army to suppress a local uprising. He was canonized as Wên-ch'in 文勤 and was granted posthumously the hereditary rank of baron.
Kao Kuang-hou was a chin-shih of 1788 who gained recognition in a campaign (1799–1800) to quell a local uprising in Kansu. Later he became governor of Anhwei (1810–11) and of Hunan (1811–15).
Kao Kuang-hsing was the twelfth son of Kao Chin. At the beginning of the Chia-ch'ing reign period, he won many favors from Emperor Jên-tsung, but later became reckless and boastful. In 1808 while acting as minister of the Imperial Household he was charged with dishonesty and extortion, and was condemned to death.
[1/316/10a; 1/349/1a, 2a; 1/361/2a; 3/25/25a; 3/31/30a; 3/191/29a; 33/47/8a; 清河縣志 Ch'ing-ho hsien-chih (1854) 1/11b maps, 5/11a; Kao Pin [q. v.], Ku-tsai ts'ao-t'ing chi (1762) 文集 1/10a.]
KAO Huang-ti. Posthumous name of Nurhaci [q. v.].
KAO Pin 高斌 (T. 右文, H. 東軒), May 29, 1683–1755, Apr. 19, official and specialist in river control, was a member of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. His family was of Chinese origin and belonged to the class of slaves in the Imperial Household. After Emperor Kao-tsung had taken a daughter of Kao Pin as an imperial concubine the family was freed (1735), and later (1818) was given the Manchu clan name Kaochia (高佳). As a youth Kao Pin served in the Imperial Household where he became a Department Director (1723). After serving as superintendent of the Imperial Manufactories at Soochow (1726–28), he became successively financial commissioner of Chekiang (1728–29), of Kiangsu (1729–31), and of Honan (1731); and assistant director-general of Yellow River Conservancy in Honan and Shantung (1731–34). In 1732 he was appointed salt censor of the Liang-Huai region and in the following year was concurrently acting superintendent of the Imperial Manufactories at Nanking. In 1733 he was ordered to acquaint himself with river conservancy under the tutelage of Chi Tsêng-yün [q. v.], who was then director-general of river conservancy in Kiangsu and Anhwei. Early in 1734 he succeeded Chi to the same post in that region. Thereafter he was chiefly engaged in river control—in the repair of dikes, the improvement of water-gates, and in general continuing the work of Chin Fu [q. v.] and Chi Tsêng-yün. Owing to his practical knowledge, and his exceptional administrative ability, he effected many improvements in river control during the years 1734–41. In 1741 he was made governor-general of Chihli and director-general of river conservancy and irrigation in that province. After making a survey of the Yung-ting River he submitted a memorial recommending that the river be controlled by installing water-gates in its upper reaches and that it be dredged in its lower areas. In the following year (1742) he was sent with Chou Hsüeh-chien 周學健 (T. 勿逸, chin-shih of 1723), to carry on relief work in flooded parts of Northern Kiangsu. After his return to the capital he was successively made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent (1745), president of the Board of Civil Office (1745–47), minister of the Imperial Household (1745), Grand Councilor (1746), and Grand Secretary (1747).
In 1748 Kao Pin was ordered to investigate the accusations against Ch'ang-an 常安 (family name 葉赫納蘭, T. 坦履), governor of Chekiang (1742–47), and later to take charge of the confiscation of the properties of Chou Hsüeh-chien. Charged with partiality and with failure to report the facts, Kao was dismissed from his post as Grand Secretary, but was re-instated in 1751. Meanwhile he was made director-general of Grand Canal and Yellow River Conservancy in Kiangsu and Anhwei (1748–53).
In 1753 the conservancy work of Kao Pin in these two provinces proved unsatisfactory, owing to wide-spread damage by flood. He was deprived of all his posts and titles, but was ordered to continue in service. In the same year, while he was attending to conservancy work in T'ung-shan, Kiangsu, two of his subordinates were executed for misuse of official
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