self and his family by the sale of his paintings and specimens of his calligraphy—continuing at the same time to write poetry. In 1648 he built himself in that district the Hsi-hsi ts'ao-t'ang 隰西草堂, mentioned in the titles of his collected works. In 1643 he printed a collection of sixty-nine of his own poems, giving it the title 內景堂詩 Nei-chiang t'ang shih. After his death one of his disciples edited one chüan of his poems under the title, Hsi-hsi ts'ao-t'ang shih, with a preface dated 1685. Most of his extant literary works, however, are included in the Hsi-hsi ts'ao t'ang chi (集), 9 chüan, edited by Sun Yün-chin 孫運錦 (a hsiao-lien fang-chêng of 1851—see under Lo Tsê-nan), and printed in 1824. This work was reprinted in 1919 in the Ming-chi san-hsiao-lien chi (see under Hsü Fang) with supplementary pieces added by Lo Chên-yü (see under Chao Chih-ch'ien). Wan also left a treatise on Chinese ink designs, entitled 墨表 Mo-piao. His poems reflect vividly the troubles of the times in which he lived and therefore possess a strong human interest. His calligraphy has been characterized as among the best of the Ming period.
[1/505/4b; 3/471/47a–48; M.59;58/3a; Lo Chên-yü, Wan Nien-shao hsiên-shêng niên-p'u (1919), with biography by Sun Yün-chin; Hsü-chou fu-chih (1874) 22 shang, chung/28b, id. 8 shang/5a; Hsi-hsi ts'ao-t'ang chi, with portrait; L.T.C.L.H.M., p. 355, lists 13 specimens of his calligraphy and painting; 國朝畫家書 Kuo-ch'ao hua-chia shu (1928) gives a specimen of his calligraphy.]
WAN Ssŭ-hsüan 萬斯選 (T. 公擇, H. 白雲先生), July 9, 1629–1694, Sept. 28, scholar, native of Yin-hsien, Chekiang, was the fifth son of Wan T'ai [q. v.] and a pupil of Huang Tsung-hsi [q. v.]. He declined to compete in the examinations, believing that genuine scholarship should be concerned with practical affairs and right human relationships rather than with books and theories. When he died, age sixty-six (sui), he was mourned by Huang Tsung-hsi who characterized him as a true scholar, one who put into practise the principles of Liu Tsung-chou [q. v.]. His grave and that of his brother, Wan Ssŭ-ch'ang, were repaired in 1935 when the villa, Po-yün chuang, was restored (see under Wan T'ai).
[3/404/37a; Yin-hsien chih (1877), 41/18b; see bliography under Wan T'ai.]
WAN Ssŭ-pei 萬斯備 (T. 允誠, H. 又庵), poet and calligrapher, was a native of Yin-hsien, Chekiang. He was the seventh son of Wan T'ai [q. v.], son-in-law of Li Yeh-ssŭ (T. 李鄴嗣, H. 杲堂, original ming 文胤), and a pupil of (T. Huang Tsung-hsi). He was chief assistant of Li Yeh-ssŭ in compiling the 甬上耆舊詩 Yung-shang ch'i-chiu shih, in 30 chüan—an anthology of poems by Yin-hsien authors. Wan Ssŭ-pei is credited with having preserved the works of Liu Tsung-chou [q. v.] after the latter became a martyr to the Ming cause. His own collected verse was entitled 深省堂詩集 Shên-hsing t'ang shih-chi, included in 1936 in the fourth series of the Ssŭ-ming ts'ung-shu (see under Chang Huang-yen).
[3/404/37b; Yin-hsien chih (1877), 39/13a; Li Yeh-ssŭ, 杲堂文鈔 Kao-t'ang wên-ch'ao (1931).]
WAN Ssŭ-ta 萬斯大 (T. 充宗, H. 跛翁, 褐夫先生), July 11, 1633–1683, Sept. 16, scholar, native of Yin-hsien, Chekiang, was the sixth son of Wan T'ai [q. v.] and father of Wan Ching [q. v.]. Like his brothers, he was a pupil of Huang Tsung-hsi [q. v.]. He took no interest in the examinations, conceiving it to be his duty to elucidate the Classics, particularly the three Rites (Record of Rites, Decorum Ritual, Institutes of Chou) and the Spring and Autumn Annals. His investigations on the latter filled 242 chüan, but these were all destroyed by fire in 1673. He began, in 1681, to retrieve this loss, but when he died two years later only 10 chüan of miscellaneous notes, 學春秋隨筆 Hsüeh Ch'un-ch'iu sui-pi, were completed. This work, together with four others on the Rites (學禮質疑 Hsüeh Li chih-i, 禮記偶箋 Li-chi ou-chien, 儀禮商 I-li shang and 周官辨非 Chou-kuan pien fei), were printed by his son under the general title Five Treatises on the Classics, 經學五書 Ching hsüeh wu-shu, whose preface is dated 1758. In addition to the above, Wan Ssŭ-ta compiled a genealogy of the Wan family, 萬氏家譜 Wan-shih chia-p'u, in 20 chüan.
[2/63/19b; 3/413/26a; Yin-hsien chih (1877) 41/19b; Ssŭ-k'u 20/5a, 22/1b, 23/5a, 24/5a, 31/2a.]
WAN Ssŭ-t'ung 萬斯同 (T. 季野, H. 石園先生), Mar. 9, 1638–1702, May 4, historian, a native of Yin-hsien, Chekiang, was the eighth son of Wan T'ai [q. v.]. He was seven (sui) when
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