against, or his disregard of, the Emperor or his decrees. In August 1724 he was ordered to dwell as guardian near the tomb of his deceased father. Actually, however, he was a prisoner closely guarded by the military who were stationed nearby. Early in 1726 he was degraded to a prince of the fourth class on the charge of extravagance and cruelty while stationed in Sining.
In the spring of 1726 a Bannerman named Ts'ai Huai-hsi 蔡懷璽, attempted to communicate with Yin-t'i, asserting that in a dream he had been instructed by a god to assist Yin-t'i on the ground that he was the lawful Emperor, and to announce that Yin-t'ang's mother was to be made Empress Dowager (perhaps he regarded Yin-t'i's own mother as a tool of Yin-chên and so disqualified). Refused admittance by the servants, Ts'ai twice tossed over the wall of Yin-t'i's residence slips of paper on which were written the above assertions. The first piece of paper Yin-t'i handed to the officer on guard after having cut off the part concerning the 'lawful emperor'. When the second unmutilated communication was intercepted the Emperor accused Yin-t'i of attempting to cover up important evidence of treason. In June he was deprived of all ranks and was removed to the Shou Huang Tien 壽皇殿 in the Ching-shan 景山 enclosure of the Forbidden City. In July when the alleged "crimes" of Yin -ssŭ and Yin-t'ang were announced, Yin-t'i was condemned on fourteen counts but his punishment was commuted to imprisonment. Emperor Shih-tsung declared that Yin-t'i had been misled by his half brothers and thus was entitled to less severe treatment.
For more than nine years Yin-t'i was imprisoned at Ching-shan and then was released by order of his nephew, Emperor Kao-tsung (late in 1735). In 1737 he was given the rank of a prince of the sixth degree which in 1747 was raised to the third degree. As he grew older he became less bitter; in 1748 he was commended for good behavior and was made a prince of the second degree with the designation Hsün (恂郡王). At his death in 1755 he was canonized as Ch'in 勤.
Yin-t'i's eldest son, Hung-ch'un 弘春, at one time (1733–34) held the princedom of the second degree with the designation, T'ai (泰郡王), but was degraded in 1734, and deprived of all ranks in 1735. Hung-ch'un's great~grandson, I-shan [q. v.], was the general who was defeated by the British troops in Kwangtung in 1842. Another son of Yin-t'i, Hung-ming (see under Yung-chung), was in 1735 made a prince of the third degree and was canonized as Kung-ch'in 恭勤. Hung-ming's son, Yung-chung [q. v.], was a celebrated poet. The descendants of Yin-t'i belonged to the Bordered Blue Banner.
[1/226/14a; 15/3/35; Ch'ing-ch'u san ta-i-an k'ao-shih (see bibl. under Fu-lin); Wên-hsien ts'ung-pien (see bibl. under Dorgon); see bibl. under Yin-ssŭ.]
YING-ho 英和 (T. 樹琴, H. 煦齋, 脀叟), May 27, 1771–1839, July 18, official and writer, was a Manchu of the Socolo 索綽絡 clan. Certain of his ancestors were probably taken captive by Nurhaci or Abahai [qq. v.], and so went into the service of the Ch'ing Imperial Household as slaves or bondservants. His great-grandfather, Dutu 都圖, served as a department director in the Imperial Household under Emperor Shêng-tsu and was given the Chinese surname, Shih 石. His father, Tê-pao 德保 (T. 仲容, 潤亭, H. 定圃, 1715–1755), became a chin-shih in 173. In that year a cousin of his father, named Kuan-pao 觀保 (T. 伯容, H. 補亭, d. 1776), obtained the same degree. The two cousins were selected bachelors of the Hanlin Academy—Kuan-pao serving as president of the Board of Ceremonies (1769) and of the Censorate (1769–74); and Tê-pao as governor of Kwangtung (1770–76) and of Fukien (1776–78), and as president of the Board of Ceremonies (1778–89).
Ying-ho became a chin-shih in 1793, entered the Hanlin Academy, and two years later became a compiler. In 1799, after the corrupt minister, Ho-shên [q. v.], had been superseded, Emperor Jên-tsung gave high posts to some officials who had been courageous enough to oppose that once powerful mandarin. Ying-ho records that he shared in the imperial favor because, when he was young, his father had declined to affiance him to Ho-shên's daughter. Thus, in 1799, Ying-ho became a sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat and a year later was made a vice president of the Board of Ceremonies. In 1801 he was given the concurrent post of a minister of the Imperial Household-an office once filled by his father. In the same year he was transferred to the Board of Revenue, and in 1804 was made concurrently a Grand Councilor. In 1805 he ventured to expose a colleague, Liu Ch'üan-chih 劉權之 (T. 德輿, H. 雲房, 1739–1818),
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