lou 攀古廔 for bronzes and stones. After his death these objects seem to have been dispersed by sale. A catalogue, with bibliographical notes of his library, entitled P'ang-hsi chai ts'ang-shu chi (藏書記), 3 chüan, written by him and edited by his disciple, Yeh Ch'ang-ch'ih 葉昌熾 (T. 鞠裳, H. 緣督, 1849–1917, author of the valuable bibliographical guide, 藏書紀事詩 Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih), was printed in 1914, but was not released to the public until 1928. Another catalogue of the Sung and Yüan editions in P'an Tsu-yin's library, entitled P'ang-hsi chai Song-Yüan shu-mu (書目), was printed in 1909 in the Ch'ên-fêng ko ts'ung-shu (see under Chu I-tsun). These two catalogues were reprinted in 1924. In 1867 he began to print rare works by Ch'ing scholars, and in 1884 completed the printing of 54 works brought together under the collective title P'ang-hsi chai ts'ung-shu. In the same year (1884) he published the Kung-shun t'ang ts'ung-shu, containing 18 works, and added two items in the following year. He left two catalogues on archaeology: P'an-ku lou i-ch'i k'uan-chih (彝器款識), 2 volumes, printed in 1872, being his notes on the ancient bronzes he had collected; and 漢沙南侯獲刻石 Han Sha-nan hou Huo k'o-shih, 1 chüan, printed in 1873, a catalogue of inscriptions on stones of the Han dynasty. Recently a catalogue of the bronzes in his collection, compiled by Ku T'ing-lung 顧廷龍 (T. 起潛), was published in the Bulletin of the National Library of Peiping (vol. VII, no. 2. 1933). In addition to the above-mentioned works P'an published several short accounts of his travels and minor collections of his verse. In bibliographical and archaeological matters he was on intimate terms with Wu Ta-ch'êng [q. v.].
[1/447/1a; 2/58/1a; 6/4/10a; Nien-p'u written by his younger brother, P'an Tsu-nien 潘祖年 (T. 西園, H. 仲午); Liu Shêng-mu 劉聲木, 萇楚齋三筆 Ch'ang-ch'u chai san-pi, 6/8a; Chin-shih jên-wu chih (1934, see under Wêng T'ung-ho), p. 33.]
PAO Ch'ao 鮑超 (T. 春霆), 1828–1886, a native of Fêng-chieh, Szechwan, was one of the bravest generals who fought in the campaign to suppress the Taiping rebellion. Beginning his career as a soldier, he became in 1853 head sentry in the river boats of Tsêng Kuo-fan [q. v.]. With extraordinary valor he commonly led the van in the attack on the Taipings at Yochow, Wuchang and other places. Thus he attracted the attention of Hu Lin-i [q. v.] who recommended him to the throne for promotion. Hence after the capture of Wuchang (December 19, 1856) he was advanced to the rank of a lieutenant-colonel and was ordered to recruit 3,000 soldiers from Hunan. Thereafter he was no longer connected with the naval forces but with the army.
Though repeatedly wounded in 1857, Pao Ch'ao played a prominent part in stemming the advance of the Taipings on Hupeh—in many engagements at Huang-mei and Hsiao-ch'ih-k'ou. From September 1858 to the spring of 1860 he fought chiefly at T'ai-hu, Anhwei, where on one occasion he defeated, with a small detachment, overwhelming numbers in a bloody engagement. Finding himself unable to co-operate well with To-lung-a 多隆阿 (T. 禮堂, 1817–1864), he requested a few months' leave and this was granted. To-lung-a was a Manchu general of considerable experience in fighting the Taipings and the Nien banditti, particularly in the taking of Lu-chou (May 13, 1862) and in ending the life of Ch'ên Yü-ch'êng [q. v.].
When Pao Ch'ao was urged to resume his task, his force, which came to be known as the T'ing-chün 霆軍, was increased from 3,000 to 10,000, and he was assigned to guerrilla warfare, attacking here and there as the situation required. He engaged in the relief of Ch'i-mên, Anhwei, where Tsêng Kuo-fan was hard-pressed (1860-61). Thereafter he was sent to Kiangsi where Li Hsiu-ch'êng [q. v.] had conquered more than twenty cities and towns, all of which Pao Ch'ao reconquered in the short period from August 7 to September 27, 1861.
In 1862 Pao Ch'ao was appointed t'i-tu 提督 or provincial commander of Chekiang, though he fought continually here and there to interrupt communications of the Taipings with Nanking, Soochow, and Ch'ang-chou. As a reward for his merit he was granted the hereditary title, Yün-ch'i-yü. At that time he was so occupied that he had no chance to take leave, even when his mother died at the close of 1862. After the conquest of Nanking in 1864 his contribution to the campaign was rewarded with the rank of Ch'ing-ch'ê tu-yü; and for his exploits in pursuing the discomfitted Taipings from Kiangsi to Fukien he was granted the hereditary rank of viscount of the first class (1864). Thereupon he was given two months' leave to inter his mother's remains. But meanwhile the fleeing Taiping remnants
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