somewhat irregularly dispersed, and surrounded by a number ! of villas belonging chiefly to persons engaged in business ; in Glasgow. The principal buildings are the town- hall, the county buildings in the Grecian style of architecture, the academy, the St John s grammar school, and the infankry barracks. Among the subjects of antiquarian interest are Queenzie Neuk, the spot where Queen Mary rested on her journey to Langside ; the old steeple and pillory built in the reign of Charles I. ; the Moat Hill, the old Runic cross, and the carved gateway in the palace park. In the churchyard there is a monument, with four heads in basso-rilievo, to four covenanters who suffered at Edinburgh, December 7, 1600, their heads being interred below. Among the industries of the town are weaving and the tambouring of muslin ; and there are also large market gardens, the district being famed especially for its apples ; but the prosperity of the town depends chiefly upon the coal and iron-stone which are extensively worked in the neighbourhood. Hamilton originated in the 15th century under the protecting influence of the lords of Hamilton. It unites with Airdrie, Falkirk, Lanark, and Linlithgow to form the Falkirk district of boroughs, which returns one
member to parliament. The population in 1871 was 11,498.Immediately east of the town is Hamilton palace, the seat of the duke of Hamilton and Brandon, premier peer of Scotland. The present palace was commenced in 1822. Its front is a specimen of the enriched Corinthian architecture, with a projecting pillared portico after the style of the temple of Jupiter Stator at Rome, 264 feet in length and 60 feet in height. The interior is richly decorated and contains one of the most valuable collections of paintings in Scotland. Within the grounds, which comprise nearly 1500 acres, is the mausoleum erected by the tenth duke, a structure resembling in general design that of the emperor Hadrian at Rome, being a cir cular building springing from a square basement, and enclosing a decorated octagonal chapel. About 2 miles south-east of Hamilton, on the summit of a precipitous rock 200 feet in height, the foot of which is washed by the Avon, stand the ruins of Cadzow Castle, the original seat of the Hamilton family, conferred on the chief of that family immediately after the battle of Bannockburn, having been previously a royal residence for at least two centuries. The castle has been made the subject of a spirited ballad by Sir Walter Scott. X ear it is the noble chase with its ancient oaks, the remains of the Caledonian Forest, where are still preserved some of the old Scotch breed of wild cattle. Opposite Cadzow Castle on the other sida of the Avon is Chatelherault, consisting of stables and offices, and imitating in outline the palace of that name in France. A magnificent double avenue stretches between it and Hamilton palace.
HAMILTON, a city of Canada, the chief town in the county of Wentworth, province of Ontario, is advantage ously situated on the south side of Burlington Bay, a large and beautiful basin of water connected with Lake Ontario by a short canal, which forms one of the safest and most commodious harbours on the lake. It is also con nected with the town of Dundas by the Desjardins Canal, about 4 miles in length. Hamilton holds an important posi tion at the head of the navigation on Lake Ontario, and in the centre of one of the finest agricultural districts of the Dominion. It is the headquarters of the Great Western Eailroad, and is connected by other lines of railway with Lake Erie, Lake Huron, and the Georgian Bay. The site on which it is built rises gradually from the bay to the foot of a lofty bluff called "The Mountain," the summit of which commands an extensive and beautiful view. The streets are well laid out, and planted with shade trees, and the houses and public buildings are substantially constructed of stone and brick. The court-house and county buildings, recently completed, are the finest in Canada. Among the other public buildings are the provincial lunatic asylum, the Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals, and handsome places of worship of other denominations, the collegiate institute, the Wesleyan female college, the mechanics institute, the banks, the city hospital, and other charitable institutions. The city water-works, by means of which a constant supply of pure water is brought from Lake Ontario, have been completed on a scale amply providing for the future growth of the city, at a cost of about $1,000,000. The industries, include iron rolling mills, iron foundries, the manufacture of agricultural implements, sewing machines, musical instru ments, carriages, glass, pottery, <fec., tobacco manufacture, arid brushmaking. The total value of imports at the port of Hamilton for the fiscal year 1878-9 was $3,992,123; and the duty collected amounted to $839,153. The total tonnage entered at the port was 160,666 tons ; but this is exclusive of a much larger amount of goods brought by railway, including foreign importations, on which the duty has already been paid at Quebec or Montreal, and of which therefore no entry is made. Daily lines of steamers run in the summer months between Hamilton, Toronto, Kingston,. and Montreal ; and an extensive trade is carried on with the maritime provinces. Hamilton was founded in 1813, and incorporated in 1833. The population in 1836 was 2846; in 1851, 10,248 ; in 1861, 19,096 ; in 1871, 26,716 ; and in 1379 it is estimated at 35,000. It is the seat of the Anglican bishop of Niagara, and of a Roman Catholic bishop. It returns one member to the provincial parlia ment of Ontario, and two members to the Dominion parlia ment, or House of Commons.
HAMILTON, a township and post village of Madison county, New York, U.S., is situated on the Chenango canal, and on the Utica branch of the New York and Oswego Mid land Railway, 30 miles S.W. of Utica. The village is the seat of Madison university, chartered in 1846, in connexion with which there are a theological seminary of the Baptist denomination opened in 1820, and a preparatory academy opened in 1832 under the name of Colgate Academy, and chartered in 1853 as the grammar school of the university. The university has 10 professors, has both a scientific and a classical course, and is attended by upwards of 100 students. The other educational institutions are a female seminary and a union graded school. The village possesses a foundry, a tannery, and manufactories of sashes and blinds, doors, waggons, cigars, and cheese. The popu lation of the village in 1870 was 1529, and of the town ship 3687.
HAMILTON, a city of the United States, capital of Butler county, Ohio, is situated on both sides of the Great Miami river, on the Miami and Erie canal, and at the junction of several railways, 23 miles N. of Cincinnati. The water-power for manufacturing purposes is obtained by an hydraulic canal which secures a fall of 30 feet ; and the situation of the city in the heart of the Miami valley, a rich agricultural district, is very favourable to the development of commercial enterprise. It possesses two public parks, twelve churches, two national banks, a com plete graded system of public schools, an orphans home, and a free library. Its industries are of a varied kind, and are represented by paper and woollen factories, flour- mills, foundries, breweries, distilleries, bleaching works, machine shops, and manufactories of carriages and wag gons, reaping machines, ploughs, and other agricultural implements, sashes and blinds, railroad supplies, and machinery. Hamilton received a municipal charter in 1853, at which time the portion on the west side of the rrver formerly called Rossville was incorporated with it. The population, which in 1860 was 7223, and in 1870 11,081, of whom 3062 were foreigners, was estimated in 1879 at 17,000.
of Victoria, Australia, is situated on the Grange Burne Creek, in 37 45 S. lat. and 142 1 E. long. It was pro claimed a borough in 1859, the area of the municipality being 5280 acres. It has several e````legant buildings a hospital and benevolent asylum, a town-hall, a treasury
and land office, and a public library. Its educational
