Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 11.djvu/767

to Hereford led to the foundation of a superior church, reconstructed by Bishop Athelstan, and burnt by the Welsh in 1055. Recommenced in 1079 by the first Norman bishop, Robert of Lorraine, it was carried on by Bishop Reynelm, and completed in 1148 by Bishop R. de Betun. Tho lady chapel, clerestory of the choir, and north transept date between 1226 and 1269, while successive additions and reconstructions have extended over 450 years. In 1786 the great western tower fell and carried with it the west front and the first bay of the nave, since which date there have been two modern restorations, in 1842 and 1863. The total length of the cathedral outside is 342 feet, inside 327 feet 5 inches, the nave being 158 feet 6 inches, the choir from screen to reredos 75 feet 6 inches, and the lady chapel 93 feet 5 inches, The breadth of the nave (span of roof) is 31 feet 4 inches, the nave and aisles, internally, 73 feet 4 inches, and the central transept 146 feet 2 inches. The height of choir is 62 feet 6 inches, of nave 64 feet, of lantern 96 feet, of tower to top of the leads 140 feet 6 inches, and to the top of the pinnacles 165 feet. The pillars and arches of the nave, the north and south arches of the choir, and the trifortum are Norman in their architecture, as is also the font; the lady chapel, the clerestory, and stone vault- ing, Early English. The north transept is of the date of Bishop Aquablanca (1245–68), the south-east transept of Late Decorated. As the late Sir Gilbert Scott pointed out at Hereford to the Archxological Institute, but for the fall of the western tower, the consequent curtailment of the nave, and other solecisms, few cathedrals could offer so complete a field of progressive architectural study from Early Norman to latest Perpendicular. The cathedral can boast some fine monuments, notably St Thomas of Can- tilupe’s shrine in the north transept, and Bishop Aqua- olanca’s tomb. The “Mappa Mundi,” compiled in 1300 or thereabouts by a monk of Lincoln, one of the largest and most curious of all the old maps, is preserved in the south choir aisle. The bishop’s palace overlooks the Wye on the south of the cathedral, and to the left of it lies the castle green, the site of the historic castle, which is utterly effaced. One only of the six gates of the old walls is still to be seen, but there are ruins of the Black Friars’ Monastery in Wide- marsh, and a mile out of Hereford on the Brecon Road, the White Cross, erected in 1347 by Bishop Charlton, and restored by Archdeacon Lord Saye and Sele, commemorates the departure of the Black Plague. For its loyalty and sufferings in the civil war Charles I. gave the city its motto “ Invict fidelitatis premium.” It was incorporated in 1189 by Richard I, and is governed by a municipal council, consisting of a mayor, 6 alderinen, and 18 coun- cillors. It has no manufactures. Its population at the census of 1871 numbered 18,355, or an increase of more than a third in twenty years; its area was 4969 acres. Its public buildings are the shire hall in St TPeter’s Street, in the Grecian Doric style, with a statue of Sir George Cornewall Lewis in front of it; the corn-exchange (1858), the Rankin free library and Woolhope Club museum in Broad Street, and the Herefordshire middle-class college. The most noteworthy churches are All Saints and St Peter's.

Plan of Hereford Cathedral. I. N.E. Transept. K. S.E. Transept. A. West Door. B. Font. C. Door to Cloisters. D. Central Tower. E. Choir Screen. F. Vestries, G, Altar. L. Entrance to Crypt. Hf. Bp.Stanbery’s Chantry. | M. Audley Chapel.

For the bibliography of the eity and county of Hereford, see Duncumb’s Collections for a History ; Robinson’s Castles, Manors, and Mansions, 2 vols., 1869 and 1873; Webb's History of the Civil War in Herefordshire, 1879; Wevergal’s Fasti Herefordenses ; Quarterly Revicw, art. ‘ Herefordshire,” July 1879; and the IVoolhope Transactions.

(j. da.)

HERENCIA, a town of Spain in the province of Ciudad Real, New Castile, is situated in a fertile, hilly region, near the junction of the rivers Giguela and Valdespino, about 80 miles south of Madrid. Soapmaking is the chief industry ; coarse cloth, wax, and chocolate are also manufactured. Wheat, barley, vines, and olives are grown in the neighbourhood, where also there is excellent pasturage. Population about 7300.

HEREROLAND, or Damaraland, a region of South-Western Africa, stretching north from the Kuisip to the Cunene, so called from the native race known to the Namaqua as Herero and to the Cape colonists as Damara (Damra, or Dama). The north-west portion is also known as Kaokoland.

According to the treaty of Okahandya, by which, in 1876, the country came in some sort under British protec- tion,^[1] the boundary line is fixed as coinciding in the south with the line of latitude passing through Rehoboth or Annis (a mission station in 17°5’ E, long. and about 165 miles from the coast), thence in a straight line to Otyimbinde (Tunobis or Riet Fontein), in 20° 53’ E. long. and 22° 5’ §. lat., thence northwards to Otyiondarmie, and finally from that place westwards along the Omuramba Ovambo to the Cunene. The territory thus defined has an estimated area of 100,000 square miles ; and of this about 35,000 square miles were marked out as a British reservation, bounded by a line drawn from Rehoboth to Otyimbinde, thence north-west to Otyituo, about 19° E. long. and 20°S. lat., thence west to Otyahevita, and south to the neighbourhood of Mount Erongo. According to Palgrave the total population of Hereroland is 121,150, of whom 85,000 are Herero proper, 30,000 Hill Damara, 3000 Bushmen, 1500 Namaqua, 1500 Bastards, and 150 Europeans. In a paper in Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1878, based on information from the Rhenish missionaries, the total is given as 184,000, of whom 110,000 are Herero (80,000 Ova Herero and 30,000 Ova-mbanderu),

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1. See Damara and Namaqua Land : Report of W. Coates Palgrave, Esq., special commissioner to the tribes north of the Orange River, of his mission to Damaraland and Great Namaqualand in 1876, Cape Town, 1877.