Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 13.djvu/241

AGRICULTURE.] IRELAND 22, ) a table representing the actual increase of value in live stock would throw an important light on certain aspects of Irish agriculture, these considerations cannot be entered into here, and as the increase is due almost entirely to other causes than increased merits in the live stock, a table at a fixed rate more exactly represents the change in value so far as it depends upon the agriculturist. As horses and mules are classed together in the returns of 1841, no comparison can be made as to the difference in the number of horses between that year and 1880; besides, the returns of 1841 are much more inaccurate than those since 1847. Between 1851 and 1880 horses increased by 35,447, but between 1861 and 1880 they decreased by 57,079, agricultural horses diminishing by 66,853, undoubtedly an indication of a diminution in tillage, but not a criterion as to its amount, both because the horses are not fully occupied, especially on small farms, and because a considerable amount of farm work is dono by bullocks, which are much better suited for this work than the small and weak horses kept on most farms. Asses have more than doubled in numbers since 1841, and have increased between 1851 and 1880 by 49,264, a sign both of poverty and of lazy and inefficient work. Cattle have increased between 1841 and 1880 by 2,080,471, or have more than doubled in numbers, and between 1851 and 1880 by 953,565, or scarcely so much as between 1841 and 1851. The only pure native breed of cattle now in Ireland is the " Kerry," a light handsome animal, black or red in colour, with upturned horns. It is easily kept, and in quality both its flesh and its milk re semble those of the finer West Highlands. The variety known as the " Dexter," a cross between the " Kerry " and some unknown breed, is shorter and plumper than the pure "Kerry," and has none of its finer points; and TABLE XIV. Number of the various kinds of Live Stock in Ireland and its four Provinces for 1841, 1851, 1861, 1871, and 1880. (The figures for 1880 in Tables XIV. and XV. are taken from the Agricultural Abstract, and differ slightly from those in the complete return.) Leinster. Minister. 1841. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1880. 1841. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1880. (Two year Horses 0ne and i (Under on Totil 3 and up inder twc 143,636 12,139 14,739 150,293 24,437 16,600 133,932 18,681 14,712 130,904 25,170 17,214 115,278 6,966 9,035 127,413 16,494 12,023 112,469 14,169 13,164 105.41(1 19,441 15,50(1 168,753 170,514 191,330 167,325 173,288 160,378 131,279 155,930 139,802 140,357 Mules >99 7,327 39,983 7,795 48,124 7,102 48,719 8,170 49,873 23 ,970 7,956 34,081 6,723 46,516 6,477 48,731 8,798 55,838 23, (Two years and upv rards 435, IT , ,1)1) ).") < 594,448 148,926 123,192 595,951 190,466 162,039 597,444 231,870 168,569 553,655 142,890 155,001 748,891 151,114 151,2t,9 759,423 202,840 268,830 740,929 234,175 315,208 140, 125, (Under on Total 488,858 702,129 866,566 948,456 997,883 530,273 851,546 1,051,274 1,231,090 1 1,290.312 Sheep j 3ne year Jnder on and upwards 542,750 207,039 818,083 414,800 895,960 470,995 834,059 436,900 380,954 160,214 580,202 313,646 639,137 382,04C 514,605 321,730 Total e year 657,118 749,789 1,232,883 1,366,955 1,270,959 695,622 541,168 893,848 1,021,177 836,335 Pigs.... ... -J )ne year Jnder on and upwards 99,460 215,498 49,633 230,957 51,037 344,775 26,344 196,581 171,918 236,501 109,399 322,860 92,381 478,39i 47,158 286,737 I Total e year 366,772 314,958 280,590 395,812 222,925 522,895 408,419 432,259 570,78-) 333,895 64,471 2,101,438 52,186 2,756,237 58,508 67,474 3,087,375 3,3(17,677 2, 834] 752 85,545 1,826,350 74,597 2,808,639 81,16; 2,942,95: 88.102 3,396,544 2,206,941 Ulster. Connaught. Ireland. 1841. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1880. 1841. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1880. 1841. 1851. 1861. 1871. 1880. (Two & upwards E -j Under two years a (Under one Total 147,663! 166,205 6,815! 11,598 9,500 12,669 150,815 7,524 10,427 152,472 12,388 11,617 68,013 45,212 4,402 6,321 58,066 10,035 8,399 47,764 6,570 7,868 46,844 10,464 9,723 451,789 30,322 39,595 501,977 62,564 49,691 444.980 46.944 46,171 4: 5,630 67,463 54,060 155,425 163,978 190,472 168,766 176,477 55,935 76,500 62,202 67,031 552,569 521,706 614,232 538,095 557,153 Mules 2,024 23,486 2,098 26,001 1,865 24,706 2,239 22,518 2<j 409 4,299 39,431 3.530 53,070 4,373 58,217 5,693 58,016 9 6 .315 21,606 136,981 20,146 173,711 19,817 180,373 2-1,900 186,245 Asses 13,337 (Two <fc up wards S -J Under two years 5 (.Under one Total 580,701 191,435 168,857 675,486 171,355 176,198 647,145 224,834 289,109 576,902 225,960 249,632 277,386 113,420 81,987 372,935 87,108 70,766 386,280 128,450 121,799 346,027 126,699 107,611 1,847,717 588,344 531,400 2,391,760 558,503 521,425 2,388,799 746,596 841,777 2.261,302 818,704 841,020 525,584 940,993 1,023,039 1,161,088 1,052,494 295,840 472,793 530,809 636,529 580,337 1,840,555 2,967,461 3,471,688 3,977,172 3.921 ,026 g (One & upwards js (Under one year Total 182,996 70,137 213,872 143,609 334,310 207,791 241,941 158,214 437,520 140,518 745,773 296,065 888.046 415,156 714,493 339,419 1,544,220 577,908 2,387,930 1,168,120 2,757,453 1,475,982 2,305.098 1,256,263 212,671 253,133 387,481 542,101 400,155 525,788 578,038 l,041,838 l,303,202 1 1,053,912 2,091,199 2,122,128 3,556,050 4,233,435 3,561,361 gj (One & upwards 3 (Under one year Total 75,733 171,098 36,771 206,638 56,150 365,314 26,348 147,911 44,587 70,062 34,246 111,538 32,650 200,713 15,459 102,508 391,698 693,159 230,049 871,993 232,226 1,389,197 115,309 733,737 292,512 246,831 243,409 421,464 174,259 170,922 114,649 145,784 233,363 117,967 1,868,1011,084,867 1,102,042 1,621,423 849,046 265,688 13 426,729 Goits 51.716 2,386,637 38,679 2,947,873 57,586 3,596,294 73,010 4,240,861 l,39 f,056 33,581 24,380 1,156,2691,858,426 34,114 2,090,561 37,102 2,421,647 8,33 i ,427 235,313 189,842 231,373 7,470,694 10,371,175 11,717,182 Poultry 1,895,678 TABLE XV. Number of Horses used in Agriculture, of Milch Cows, and of Ewes in 1861, 1871, 1879, and 1SSO. Leinster. Munster. Ulster. Connaught. Ireland. 1861. 1871. 1880. 1861. 1871. 1880. 861. 1871. 1880. 1861. 1871. 1880. 1861. 1871. 1879. 1880. Horses used for agricul- ) tural purposes j 123,167 267,136 489,056 105,536 251.265 535,740 103,896 231.440 505,093 113,649 562.023 420,806 98,732 584.967 464,786 92,755 549,384 361,531 155,735 504,186 186,132 138,881 492,992 245,400 139,008 429,018 177,611 52,063 211,823 432,257 42,322 216,438 506,032 41,502 186,991 405.211 444,614 1,545,168 1,528,251 385,471 1.545,662 1,751,958 378,757 1.464.818 1,624,846 377,761 1.306.833 1,440,446 Milch cows Ewes xrn.