358 IRON with the lettering done in some differently coloured enamel. A modification of this class of coating has been recently introduced by Dode, metallic platinum being mixed with the enamelling com position so as to " platinize " the metal and thus add to the dura bility ; according to the inventor, the comparatively high price of platinum does not interfere with the applicability of the process, one platini/hi" application costing no more than three coats of good paint, and only about a tenth of the expense of nickelizing. X. STATISTICS OF THE IROX AND STEEL MANUFACTURE. 46. The following data are abridged from the Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, 1880. Production of Iron Ore in different Countries (in Thousands of Tons}. In 1872. In 1877-7!>. Great Britain 14,371 6,500 4,846 2,574 1,157 733 167 423 894 1,171 320 750 1879 .. 1878 .. 1879 1878 " 1877 .. 1878 .. > j )> 1877 . . 1879 ..
i > 1! ....14,300 7,200 .... 5,822 3,500 (estimated) .... 1,079 .... 677 .... 248 1,118 .... 897 .... 1,613 .... 400 .... 340 30 15 25 .... 150 30 20 United States, estimated Germany France . . Austria Sweden Italy Spain ( Bilbao) Russia Luxembourg . Africa ( Alge ria) Belgium Canada Australia, estimated Japan do. Turkey do. India do. Mexico do. 33,906 37,434 Production of Piy Iron and Steel in different Countries (in Thousands of Tons}. Pig Iron. Bessemer Steel. Open Hearth Steel. Crucible, Puddled, and German Steels. 1877-79. 1879. 1878. 1879. Great Britain United States France 1879. ..5, 995 ,, ...3,071 ,, ...1,345 835 929 303 175 50 72 3-5 62 35 Bel ium ,, . . 494 155 Germany and ) Luxembourg... ^ Austria-Hungary. . . Russia ,, ...2,136 ... 469 1878 .. 410 460 110 54 65 25 22 133 16 (1878) 4-0 Sweden ,, ... 333 19 (1878) 3-0 Italy 1877 45 2 9 Canada 1879 . 22 5 Mexico 1877... 7 5 Australia ,, ... 2-6 Japan ,, ... 7 4 India 12 - " Africa " I 2 Turkey ,, ... 4-3 Switzerland ,, ... 6 5 0-3 14,373-3 2,865 409 261 "J Position of Bessemer Steel and Open Hcartli Steel Trade. Country Number of Fur naces Built. Number of Fur- , naoes in Blast, | Tons of Pig Iron Produced. Tons of Pig made per Furnace at Work. 1876 1877 1877 1876 1878 1876 1878 Austria 279 61 463 948 325 692 ] 26 270 297 498 224 257 400,426 425,200 1,217,838 1,846,345 6,381,851 350,541 2,577,361 2,412 16,353 4,510 6,216 12,813 1,560 10,028 Belgium France . . . Germany Great Britain Sweden ... United States 3,2:1-2 1,738 13,198,762 Bessemer. Total Capacity (in Thou sands of Tons). Open Hearth. Con verters erected. Additional ones being built (1880). Number of Furnaces erected and in course of erection (1880). Estimated Capacity (in Thou sands of Tons). Great Britain .. United States .. Germany 104 24 80 24 10 32 14 35 11 10 8 10 o 6 1461 1500 1564 632 100 350 380 80 129 39 42 47 23 (1879) 15 (1879) 2 481 275 150 110 76 i 9 France Russia Austria Belgium . ... Sweden 323 47 6067 297 j Upwards of 1092 Total Steel Production (in Thousands of Tons). 1872. 1870. Increase. Increase per Annum Bessemer steel . 780 2864 2084 298 Open hearth steel 82 409 327 47 Crucible and other steels 217 267 50 / 1079 3540 2461 352 The following table, abridged from Hunt s Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom, illustrates the gradual increase of the pig iron manufacture in Great Britain during the last twenty years or so : Make of Pig Furnaces in Blast, i (in Thousands of Tons). 1860 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 582 618 560 664 702 649 629 585 541 498 3827 4564 4970 5962 6742 5991 6365 6506 6609 6381 Average Annual Make per Furnace (in Thousands of Tons). 6 6 7-4 8-9 9 9-6 9 2 10-1 11-1 12-2 12-8 The following table, abridged from the Statistical Report of the British Iron Trade Association, gives compendiously a synoptical view of the iron and steel trade of the United Kingdom in 1878 and 1879 : i 1879. 1878. British output of iron ore (in thousands of tons)... I4.r;oo ]--,.7L>n Cleveland 4,714 5/105 / From Spain ,, iosn Italy 4!) Imports of ore- Algeria ,. Norway 13 u Turkey ^ Russia ., ... 8-1 1 1 f,H-:t Exports of ore British production of pig iron Exports "... Home consumption Stocks in hand December 01, 187!) Blast furnaces existing December 31, 1879 Average make per furnace per annum (in thou-) sands of tons) J Average coal used per ton of pig Aggregate production of Bessemer steel ) (in thousands of tons)) Do. open hearth steel ,, Number of Bessemer works in operation converters at work ..... Average production per converter) South Wales.. (in thousands of tons) j" Sheffield Number of new converters being erected Siemens open hearth furnaces at work Bessemer steel rails (in thousands of tons) Open hearth Iron vessels launched, tonnage ,, Steel ,, building .. ,, 810
