ANDREANI, Andrea, a celebrated engraver on wood, in chiaroscuro, was born at Mantua about 1540, and died at Rome in 1623. His engravings are scarce and valuable, and are chiefly copies of Mantegna, Dürer, and Titian. The most remarkable of his works are "Mercury and Ignorance," the "Deluge," "Pharaoh's host drowned in the Red Sea" (after Titian), the "Triumph of Caesar" (after Mantegna), and "Christ retiring from the judgment-seat of Pilate."
ANDREASBERG, a town of Prussia, in the former kingdom of Hanover, situated in the Hartz mountains, at an elevation of nearly 2000 feet above the level of the sea, and at a distance of about 10 miles S.E. from Clausthal. It contains 3321 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the manufacture of lace, thread, or matches. In the vicinity there are valuable mines of silver, iron, lead, cobalt, arsenic, and copper.
ANDREEVA, or Enderi, a town of Russia, in the district of the Caucasus, situated on the Aktash, 45 miles south of Kizliar. It once had a large trade in slaves. Population, 12,000.
ANDREOSSI, Antoine-François, Comte d', a very distinguished French officer, was born at Castelnaudary in Languedoc, 6th March 1761, and died at Montauban, September 1828. He was of Italian extraction, and his grandfather, François Andreossi, had taken part with Riquet in the construction of the Languedoc canal in 1669. At the age of twenty he became a lieutenant of artillery, and he early joined the republican party. He accompanied Bonaparte to Egypt as a chef de brigade, serving with great distinction, and was selected as one of Napoleon's companions on his unexpected return to Europe. Andreossi filled with honour many important offices of command during subsequent campaigns, and was appointed ambassador to London after the treaty of Amiens. When Napoleon assumed the title of Emperor, Andreossi was advanced to be inspector-general of artillery, and made a couint of the empire. He was sent as ambassador to Austria, where he remained till the rupture with France in 1809; and when the fatal battle of Wagram prostrated Austria, he held the post of governor of Vienna as long as that capital was occupied by the French. He was afterwards sent by Napoleon as ambassador to Constantinople, where he conciliated the friendship of both Franks and Mahometans. In 1814 he was recalled by Louis XVIII., who sent him, however, the cross of St Louis. Andreossi now retired into private life, till the escape of his former master from Elba once again called him forth. After the battle of Waterloo he finally quitted the scene of political life, relieving the tedium of retirement by writing several scientific memoirs. He was a man of solid and extensive acquirements. While in Egypt he had contributed to the Institute of Cairo memoirs on the Valley of Lake Natron, and on Lake Menzaleh. Subsequently he published an account of the Campaign on the Main and the Rednitz; a memoir on the Flow of the Black Sea into the Mediterranean; a history of the Canal du Midi, known previously as the Canal de Languedoc, the chief share in the construction of which he claimed for his ancestor; and a memoir on the Constantinople Water-works System.
ANDRES, Juan (1740–1817), an erudite Jesuit, born in Valencia, and some time professor of literature in the university of Gandia. He is the author of a great number of treatises on science, music, the art of teaching the deaf and dumb, &c. But his chief work, the labour of fully twenty years, is one in 7 vols. 4to., entitled Dell' Origine, dei Progressi, e dello Stato attuale d'ogni Letteratura, where a great deal of information is accumulated. (See Hallam's Lit. of Eur. and Sismondi's Lit. of S. Europe, vol. i.)
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