Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 20.djvu/198

180 Q U E Q U I by Mr Robert Owen (P. Z. S., 1860, p. 374; Ibis, 1861, p. 66, pi. ii. fig. 1); while further and fuller details of its habits (of which want of space forbids even an abstract here) were made known by Mr Salvin (Ibis, 1861, pp. 138-149) from his own observation of this very local and remarkable species. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of from 6000 to 9000 feet. The Quezal is hardly so big as a Turtle-Dove. The Quezal, male and female. cock has a fine yellow bill and a head bearing a rounded crest of filamentous feathers ; lanceolate scapulars over- hang the wings, and from the rump spring the long flowing plumes which are so characteristic of the species, and were so highly prized by the natives prior to the Spanish con- quest that no one was allowed to kill the bird when taken, but only to divest it of its feathers, which were to be worn by the chiefs alone. These plumes, the middle and longest of which may measure from three feet to three feet and a half, with the upper surface, the throat, and chest, are of a resplendent golden-green, 1 while the lower parts are of a vivid scarlet. The middle feathers of the tail, ordinarily concealed, as are those of the Peacock, by the uropygials, are black, and the outer white with a black base. In the hen the bill is black, the crest more round and not fila- mentous, the uropygials scarcely elongated, and the vent only scarlet. The eyes are of a yellowish-brown. Southern examples from Costa Rica and Veragua have the tail-coverts much narrower, and have been needlessly considered to form a distinct species under the name of P. costaricemie. There are, however, some good congeneric species, P. anti- sianus, P^-fulgidus, P. auriceps, and P. pavoninus, from various parts of South America, and, though all are beauti- ful birds, none possess the wonderful singularity of the Quezal. (A. N.) QUEZALTENANGO, a city of Guatemala, capital of the province of its own name, lies on the Siguila in a fertile district about 25 or 30 miles to the west of Lake Atitlan, on the high road between the city of Guatemala and the Mexican province of Chiapas. It has a cathedral and other public buildings, carries on the manufacture of cotton and wool, and contains from 20,000 to 30,000 inhabitants, mostly Indians. In the days of the Quich6 power Quezaltenango, or, as it was then called, Xelahuh, was one of the largest and most flourishing cities in the country. The Spanish city was founded by Alvarado in 1524. QUIETISM, a peculiar form of MYSTICISM (q.v.) within the modern Catholic Church, mainly associated with the names of Madame GUYON and MIGUEL DE MOLINOS (qq.v.} See also FENELON. QUILIMANE, or KILIMANE (the former being the Portuguese spelling), a Portuguese town on the east coast of Africa, at the head of a district of the province of Mozambique, lies 12 miles inland from the mouth of the river Quilimane or Qua Qua, which, an independent stream during the rest of the year, during the rainy season becomes a deltaic branch of the Zambesi, with which it is connected by Mutu, a cross channel or ditch. The town lies on the north bank of the river at a point where it is still about a mile broad, and as many as fifty coasting vessels may be seen at a time in the harbour. Large steamers are obliged to lie off the river mouth till high tide. Almost all the European merchants live in one long acacia-shaded street or boulevard skirting the river, while the Indian merchants or Banyans occupy another street run- ning at right angles. The natives have their hut-clusters hid among the tropical vegetation which begins at the very end of the street and rapidly passes off into the uninvaded swamp-forest. The whole site is low and unhealthy, and the Portuguese have done next to nothing to improve it. The total population is between 6000 and 7000. Quili- mane, at one time the capital of the Arab kingdom of Angoza, was seized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, and became in the 18th and the early part of the 19th the chief slave mart on the east coast of Africa. In modern times it has been the starting point of several exploring expeditions notably of Livingstone's up the Zambesi to Lake Nyassa in 1861. QUILL. See FEATHERS and PEN. QUILLOTA, a town of Chili, at the head of a district in the province of Valparaiso, lies 30 miles by rail north- east of Valparaiso, on the south or left bank of the Aconcagua, about 20 miles from its mouth. It is one of the oldest towns in the country, and since the opening of the railway in 1863 it has grown so that in population 1 Preserved specimens, if exposed to the light, lose much of their beauty in a few years, the original glorious colour becoming a clingy greenish-blue.