mers, on whom they levy a sort of blackmail, or as hangers on to the few wealthy and noble families yet remaining in the province. These men have no visible means of maintenance, and no visible occupation except that of lounging up and down with their swords and shields, like the ancient Highlanders, whom in many respects they much resemble." The Rohillas, after fifty years precarious independence, were subjugated in 1774 by the confederacy of British troops with the Xawab of Oudh s army, which formed so serious a charge against Warren Hastings. Their territory was in that year annexed to Oudh. In 1801 the Xawab of Oudh ceded it to the Company in commutation of the subsidy money. During the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 the Rohillas took a very active part against the English, but since then they have been disarmed. Both before and after that year, however, the Bareli Mahometans have distin
guished themselves by fanatical tumults against the Hindus.
The inhabitants of the district are for the most part poor, but their condition has improved under Engl : >h rule. Sugar and rice, of which large quantities are exported, iorm the principal agricultural products of the district Pilibhit formed an independent district till its incorporation with Bareli in 1842 ; its rice is celebrated all over the N. W. Provinces. Other agricultural products wheat, barley, cotton, tobacco, maize, millet, pulses, and fruit. The jungle tract of the district produces fine timber, in which a large trade is carried on. The total revenue of the district for 1870-71 amounted to 246,419, and the civil expenditure to 80,978. By far the greater part of the revenue is derived from the land; the new settle ment for thirty years was concluded in 1872. Four towns contain a population of upwards of 5000 souls : 1. Bareli area, 1280 acres, noticed below. 2. Pilibhit area, 433 acres ; population, 29,840 ; municipal revenue (1872), 3291, 6s.; expenditure, 2698, 2s.; rate of taxation, 2s. 2^cl. per head. 3. Bisalpur area, 142 acres ; population, 9250; municipal revenue, 282, 8s.; expenditure, 343, 18s. ; rate of taxation, 7?d. per head. 4. Anwlah area, 128 acres; population, 11,153; municipal revenue, 183, 2s. 5?d.; expenditure, 224, 15s. ?Od. ; rate of taxation, 4d. per head. Other minor towns : Faridpur, population, 4940 ; Sarauli, 4585 ; Nawabganj, 4418. There are 19 other towns with a population of above 2000. Bareli shows a heavy criminal return, and the police do not appear to be successful in grappling with crime. The regular police con sists of a force of 4218 men. In 1872 there were 518 schools in the district, attended by 9265 pupils, besides those attending the university college in the town of Bareli.
Barelí [Bareilly], the principal place in the district of the same name, situated on the left bank of the Jua, a tributary of the Western Ramganga-, in X 1 . lat. 28 23 , E. long. 79 28 . It is a large town, with a brisk and lucrative commerce, and manufactures consisting principally of house furnitures, such as chairs, tables, &c. Mr Thornton says, that " besides the hands engaged in this branch of handicraft, there are cotton weavers, dressers, and twisters, manufac turers of muslins, and also of silks and brocades, dyers and colour- makers, linen and cloth-plaiters, gold and silver lace-makers, jewellers, goldsmiths, and silversmiths, black smiths, coppersmiths, and tinmen, cutlers, armourers, seal- makers and engravers, turners, saddlers, tailors, &c., &c." In 1872 Bareli town contained a population of 102,982, of whom 59,036 were Hindus, 43,463 Mahometans, and 483 of unspecified religion. In 1872 the municipal revenue of the town amounted to 6602, 8s.; expenditure, 7217, 12s.; rate of municipal taxation, Is. 3?d per head of the population. The municipal revenue is derived from octroi duties levied on articles of food brought for sale into the town. The principal institution in the town is the Bareli college, intended as a seat of upper class learning for the surrounding districts of the N.W. Provinces. It is con ducted by a staff of efficient professors from England, and its course includes the subjects for degrees in the Calcutta University. In 1872-73 it was attended by 310 pupils. The cost of the college department and upper school amounted to 5836, of which Government contributed 5335.
notorious members of the French Xational Convention, was born at Tarbes in Gascony, September 10, 1755. He was brought up to the profession of the law, and was admitted advocate to the parliament of Toulouse. He wrote several trivial pieces, panegyrics of Louis XVI., Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, and others, which obtained prizes from provincial academies, and a dissertation on a Latin inscription which procured him membership of the Academy of Floral Games of Toulouse. Such was the smooth beginning of a career which ultimately became unparalleled for meanness, cowardice, lying, and atrocious cruelty. At the age of thirty he married. Four years later, in 1789, he was elected deputy by his own province to the States-general, which met in May. He had made his first visit to Paris in the preceding year. His personal appearance, his manners, social qualities, and liberal opinions, gave him a good standing among the multitude of provincial wise-heads then thronging into Paris, eager to be the saviours of France, or at least of themselves. He took his place at first with the monarchical party ; and his . glib pen found occupation in the preparation of various reports, and in editing a journal, the Point du Jour, con taining reports of the debates of the National Assembly. For a time he formed a connection with the House of Orleans, passing over soon to the republican party. Barere appears to have been wholly free from the restraints of conscience or any guiding principle ; his conduct was re gulated only by the determination to be on the side of the strongest. After the close of the National Assembly he was nominated one of the judges of the newly-instituted Court of Cassation. In 1792 he was elected deputy to the Xational Convention for the department of the Hautes Pyrenees. At first he took part with the Girondists ; but on the trial of the king he voted, with the Mountain, for the king s death " sans appel et sans sursis" He closed his speech with a sentence which became memorable, "L arbre de la liberte ne saurait croitre s il n etait arrose du. sang du rois." As the Mountain became the strongest party Barere advanced with it, unscrupulously carrying out its extremest projects, and playing a prominent part in the Reign of Terror. The light-heartedness with which he acted in these awful scenes, the fluency and flippancy of his speeches and reports, procured him the title of the " Anacreon of the Guillotine." He supported Robespierre in his atrocious measure against the Girondists, crawled like a slave at the feet of the " incorruptible " Maximilian till the day of his fall, and then advocated his execution without a hearing. It was Barere who had proposed the decree that no quarter should be given to any English or Hanoverian soldier, which was unanimously adopted. This procured him admission by acclamation to the Jacobin Club, from which he had been previously excluded. The decree, however, remained a dead letter. A few months after the fall of the Convention, proceedings were taken against Barere and his colleagues of the Terror, Collot d Herbois and Billaud-Varennes, and he was sent to the Isle of Oleron. He was removed to Saintes, and thence escaped to Bordeaux, where he lay in concealment for several years. In 1795 he was elected member of the Council of Five Hundred, but was not allowed to take his seat. When Xapoleon Bonaparte was First Consul he was anxious to employ Barere, but Barere refused the overture. It was only for a while. The witling of the Terror became the hireling and the spy of the new tyranny. On the fall of Xapoleon, Barere played the part of royalist, but on the final restoration of the Bourbons in 1815 he was banished for life from France, and then withdrew into Belgium and temporary oblivion. After the Revolution of July 1830 he reappeared in France, was reduced by a series of lawsuits to extreme indigence, accepted a small pension
assigned him by Louis Philippe (on whom he had heaped
