BEUTHEN, the chief town of a circle in the government of Oppeln in Prussian Silesia, on the railway between Oppeln and Cracow, about 50 miles from the former. It is the centre of the mining district of Upper Silesia, and its population, which numbered 15,711 in 1871, is mainly engaged in mining operations. Cloth and linen weaving, however, is also carried on. Beuthen is an old town, and was formerly the capital of the lordship of Beuthen, which belonged to the courvts of Donnersmark. It is fre quently called Ober Beuthen to distinguish it from the following.
BEUTHEN, or Nieder Beuthen, a town in the government of Liegnitz, in Silesia, on the Oder, and the Capital of the mediatized principality of Carolath-Beuthen. The chief industries of the place are straw-plaiting, boat building, and the manufacture of pottery ; and a con siderable traffic is carried on by means of the river. Population in 1871, 3S26
BEVERLEY, a market and borough town in the East Hiding of Yorkshire, about a mile from the Paver Hull, with which it communicates by means of a canal called the Beverley Beck It consists principally of one long wide street, upwards of a mile in length, and terminated by an ancient gateway The magnificent collegiate church of St John is in size and splendour superior to many cathedrals. Having been erected at different times it exhibits various styles of Gothic architecture, The west front is said by Packman to be the finest of its kind in England. It is 334 feet in length from east to west ; the breadth of the nave and side aisles is 64 feet ; the transept is 167 feet long; and the two towers at the west end are 200 feet in height. One of its most remarkable monuments is the Percy shrine. St Mary s church is also an exceedingly handsome and spacious Gothic building. The market-place, which com prises an area of nearly 4 acres, is ornamented with an octangular market-cross. The grammar school is of great antiquity, and has two fellowships, six scholarships, and three exhibitions at St John s College, Cambridge. There are several national and two infant schools, a blue-coat school, a mechanics institute, a news-room, several banks, a theatre, a jail, and a cattle-market. There is a large trade in grain, timber, and coal The tanning of leather is the principal industry ; but there are also several important manufactories of agricultural implements and of artificial manures, as well as whiting-factories, corn and linseed mills, and breweries and malt-kilns. It formerly returi ed two members to parliament, but was disfranchised in 1870. Population of municipal borough in 1871, 10,218.
BEVERLEY, a seaport of Massachusetts in the United States, situated on a branch of Ann Harbour, and connected with Salem by a bridge built in 1785 It is 16 miles N.E. of Boston, on the Eastern Railway, and is connected with Gloucester by a branch line. The principal industry is the manufacture of shoes; and a considerable number of people are employed in the coasting trade and fisheries Popula tion in 1870, 6507.
BEVERLEY, John of, a celebrated prelate, who flourished during the 7th and 8th centuries, was born at Harpham in Northumbria. He received his education at Canterbury, and after his return to the north was the instructor of the Venerable Bede. In 685 he was made bishop of Hagolstad or Hexham, and two years later was promoted to the archbishopric of York. He resigned his see in 717, and retired to a college which he had founded some years before at Beverley, where he died in 721. He was celebrated for his scholarship as well as for his virtues. The following works are ascribed to him : Pro Luca Exponendo (an exposition of Luke); Hornilice in Ecangelia ; Epistolae ad Herebaldum, Audenam, et Bert inn in ; Epistolce ad Holdam, albatissam.
BEWDLEY, a market and borough town in the parish of Ribbesford, in the county of Worcester, 129 miles from London, on the Severn Valley Railway. It is well built, and stands on an eminence near the River Severn, over which there is an elegant bridge, erected in 1797. It has a town-hall, a free grammar school, and several charities ; and manufactures combs, brass and iron wares, leather, and malt. It returns one member to parliament. Population of parliamentary borough in 1871, 7614.
Bewdley, or, as it was formerly called, Beaulicv, was a place of some importaiice in the 13th century, and had the right of sanc tuary for those who shed blood. Henry VII. built a palace in the town for his son Arthur, who was married there by proxy to Cathe rine of Aragon ; but no remains of the building, which was greatly injured during the wars of the 17th century, can now be traced. The town, which was incorporated by Edward IV., formerly be longed to the Marches of Wales, but was assigned to Worcester shire by Henry VIII.
BEWICK, Thomas, who may be considered as the reviver of wood-engraving in England, was born at Cherry- burn, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, in August 1753. His father rented a small colliery at Mickleybank, and sent his son to school at Mickley. He proved a poor scholar, but showed, at a very early age, a remarkable talent for drawing. He had no tuition in the art, and no models save natural objects. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Mr Beilby, an engraver in Newcastle. In his office Bewick engraved on wood for Dr Button a series of diagrams illustrating a treatise on mensuration. He seems thereafter to have devoted himself entirely to engraving on wood, and in 1775 he received a premium from the Society for the Encouragement of Arts and Manufactures for a woodcut of the " Huntsman and the Old Hound." In 1784 appeared his Select Fables, the engravings in which, though far surpassed by his later productions, were incomparably superior to anything that had yet been done in that line. The Quadrupeds appeared in 1790, and his great achievement, that with which his name is inseparably associated, the British Birds, was published from 17t7-1804. Bewick, from his intimate knowledge of the habits of animals acquired during his constant excursions into the country, was thoroughly qualified to do justice to his great task. Of his other productions the engravings for Goldsmith s Traveller and Deserted Village, for Parnell s Hermit, for Somerville s Chase, and for the collection of Fables of ^Esop and others, may be specially mentioned. Bewick was for many years in partnership with his former master, and in later life had numerous pupils, several of whom gained distinction as engravers. He died on the 8th November 1828. His autobiography (Memoirs of Thomas Bewick, by Himself, 8vo, London) appeared in 1862.
the most celebrated of his many noms de plume, was born at Grenoble on the 23d January 1783. His father was an avocat at the parliament of Grenoble, and his family, though not noble, was of good descent. His early education was conducted mainly by priests, who seem to have misunder stood his very peculiar character, and for whom he cvtr afterwards entertained a profound aversion and contempt. At the age of twelve he was sent to the Ecole Centrale, newly established at Grenoble, and continued in attendance for four years, during which time he distinguished himself in all his studies. / In 1799 he was preparing to become a candidate for the Ecole Polytechnique when his plans were disturbed by an offer from M. Daru, a distant relative, of some appointment connected with the ministry for war. In the following year he accompanied M. Daru to Milan, en the chance of some suitable post offering itself. He was present at the battle of Marengo ; and carried away,
apparently, by the military enthusiasm consequent en
